Trench Warfare and New Machinery World War One

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Trench Warfare and New Machinery World War One

Trench Warfare and New Machinery World War One

The Schlieffen Plan • German attack strategy developed before the war - 2 front

The Schlieffen Plan • German attack strategy developed before the war - 2 front strategy - Germany believed it could fend off Russia in the East while it defeated France in the West with a lightning speed attack - Believed Russia would take a while to assemble troops

Schlieffen Failed! • German officers pulled troops from the West to defend Eastern Boarder.

Schlieffen Failed! • German officers pulled troops from the West to defend Eastern Boarder. Weakened the attack line in France • No fast victory for Germany • Now fighting a 2 front war

Result : Trench Warfare • Germans dug in a defensive line along the river

Result : Trench Warfare • Germans dug in a defensive line along the river Somme and into Belgium • British and French Soldiers dug a trench line to face Germans • Trenches stretched from Swiss Boarder to English Channel • By Christmas 1914 stalemate!

No Man’s Land • The area between enemy trenches • Wasteland of bodies, barbed

No Man’s Land • The area between enemy trenches • Wasteland of bodies, barbed wire, mud, mines • No protection from machine guns • Traps set up after dark

Life in the trenches • Flooded by rain and filth • Overrun by rats

Life in the trenches • Flooded by rain and filth • Overrun by rats • Stinking cesspools • Trapped for weeks • Disease spread • Lice infestations • Mental exhaustion • Trench Foot

War of Attrition • Each side repeatedly attacking the other until one side completely

War of Attrition • Each side repeatedly attacking the other until one side completely exhausted and unable to continue - This old style cannot work due to new weapons - New Weapons turned war into a slaughter

Machine Guns • Changed the way war is fought- Trenches! • Fires 400 -500

Machine Guns • Changed the way war is fought- Trenches! • Fires 400 -500 rounds per minute • Old School Generals sent hundreds of thousands of men “over the top” into no man’s land to die by machine guns

Tanks • The only weapon that could breach enemy trenches • A response to

Tanks • The only weapon that could breach enemy trenches • A response to the stalemate that trench warfare had created on the Western Front

Poison Gas • Germany 1 st to use poison gas in battle - Chlorine

Poison Gas • Germany 1 st to use poison gas in battle - Chlorine gas at Ypres 1915 • Gas blinded soldiers and attacked respiratory systems • Early defense- rags soaked in water/urine • Later defense- gas masks

Submarine Warfare • The Silent enemy • Used most by Germany - U-Boats -

Submarine Warfare • The Silent enemy • Used most by Germany - U-Boats - Attacked ships carrying supplies to Britain • Armed with torpedoes to sink ships

War in the Air • Planes used to: - Scout enemy positions - Drop

War in the Air • Planes used to: - Scout enemy positions - Drop bombs on enemy planes or shoot with handguns • Later on planes had top mounted guns

The zeppelin • Called Dirigibles (inflatable airships) • Filled with light gases such as

The zeppelin • Called Dirigibles (inflatable airships) • Filled with light gases such as hydrogen and propelled by engine on bottom • Used for scouting and bombing

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