TREE OF RELIGION ROOTS OF RELIGION Aspects of

TREE OF RELIGION ROOTS OF RELIGION Aspects of Islam BRANCHES OF RELIGION Dr. : Mohammed Ramadan 1

Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 2

Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 3

USUL-E-DEEN Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 4

FURU’-E-DEEN Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 5

Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 6

CASE (1) PART (1) • Abu Hurairah reported: (One day Rasul Allah (Peace Be Upon Him) appeared before the public. • Then a man came to him and asked: Rasul Allah! What is Iman? Upon this He (Rasul Allah: (Peace Be Upon Him) replied: …………………………………………………… ………………………… Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 7

• • • That you affirm your faith in Allah, His angels, His Books, His meeting, His Messengers and that you affirm your faith in the Resurrection hereafter. Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 8

QUESTION Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 9

• • • Pillars of Faith? Basic Doctrines of Faith? Theoretical Issues? Issues Related to Man’s Intellectual Dimensions? Scientific Devine Issues? Practical Issues? Pillars of Islam? Fiqh Issues? Issues Related to Man’s Physical Actions? Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 10

• Pillars of Faith. • Basic Doctrines of Faith. • Theoretical Issues. • Issues Related to Man’s Intellectual Dimensions. • Scientific Devine Issues. Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 11

CASE (1) PART (2) • Abu Hurairah reported: He (the man) (again) asked: Rasul Allah! What does Islam signify? He (Rasul Allah; ) replied: …………………………………… ………………… Peace Be Upon Him Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 12

Islam signifies that; • You worship Allah and do not associate anything with Him, • You perform the prescribed Prayer, • You pay the obligatory poor-due (Zakah), • You observe the Fast of Ramadan. Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 13

QUESTION Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 14

• • • Pillars of Faith? Basic Doctrines of Faith? Theoretical Issues? Issues Related to Man’s Intellectual Dimensions? Scientific Devine Issues? Practical Issues? Pillars of Islam? Fiqh Issues? Issues Related to Man’s Physical Actions? Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 15

• • Pillars of Islam. Practical Issues Related to Man’s Physical Actions. Fiqh Issues. Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 16

CASE (1) PART (3) • At the end of this Hadith, Abu Hurairah said: Then the person turned back and went away. . . Rasul Allah (Peace Be Upon Him) said: Bring that man back to me. They (the Companions of the Holy Prophet present there) went to bring him back, but they did not find him. • Upon this Rasul Allah (Peace Be Upon Him) remarked: He was Gabriel. He came to teach people their religion) Hadith numeration in Sahih Muslim. Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 17

(Gabriel Came to Teach People their Religion) • TWO ASPECTS OF DEEN al-ISLAM: A detailed study of the above Hadith reveals that the Islamic teachings, and, in fact, the teachings of all heavenly religions consist of two parts: • 1. al-MASA’IL al-‘ILMIYYAH; Scientific Issues, Doctrine, theoretical Issues, . . . etc. This section relates to man's intellectual dimensions and consists of the basic doctrines of the faith. • 2. al-MASA’IL al-‘AAMALIYYAH; Practical Issues, Fiqh Issues, … etc. This section deals with man's physical actions and consists of the practical laws and commandments of religion. Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 18

Theoretical Issues Aspects of Islam Practical Issues Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 19

1. Theoretical Issues • Definition: Issues Related to Man's Intellectual Dimensions, (Basic Doctrines of the Faith). Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 20

2. Practical Issues • Definition: Issues dealt with Man's Physical Actions (Practical Laws and Commandments of Religion). Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 21

• Scientific Divine Issues • Theoretical Divine Issues • Theological Divine Issues Aspects of Islam • Practical Divine Issues • Action Deeds Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 22

(1) CLASSIFICATION OF ‘AQEEDAH ISSUES MAJOR ISSUES MINOR ISSUES = clear issues = problematic Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 23

(1) CLASSIFICATION OF FIQH ISSUES MAJOR ISSUES = clear issues Aspects of Islam MINOR ISSUES = problematic issues Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 24

Definition of Major or Clear Issues • MAJOR OR CLEAR ISSUES Those are the Issues whose Meaning or Sense is Clear, OR: Either because the Grammar and Composition of Words and Sentences has no Ambiguity, OR: Because the Meaning are Ascertained and Fixed by: The Prophetic Traditions, and The Unanimity of the Companions of the Prophet, or The Great Muslims Scholars, or by The Established Principles of Islam. Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 25

Definition of Minor or Problematic Issues • MINOR OR PROBLEMATIC ISSUES • Those are the issues, which are highly sensitive to human understanding and while going deep down, the Mujtahid does not catch reality and is susceptible to doubt and uncertainty, or ambiguity. Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 26

‘AQEEDAH ISSUES MAJOR OR CUT ISSUES Aspects of Islam MINOR OR PROBLEMATIC ISSYES Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 27

FIQH ISSUES MAJOR OR CUT ISSUES Aspects of Islam MINOR OR PROBLEMATIC ISSYES Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 28

ISLAMIC ISSUES OR MASA’IL-E-DEEN FIQH ISSUES AQEEDAH ISSUES (1) MAJOR (2) MINOR BRANCHES OF THE RELIGION (1) MAJOR ROOTS OF THE RELIGION Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 29

Masa’il Ususl • The Major or Clear Issues of both the Theoretical and the Practical issues are called; the Cardinal Principles, the Fundamental, Basic, Primary Issues = Masa’il Usul. Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 30

Masa’il Usul • These issues, as a matter of fact are the Root and the Fundamental Floor of the Whole Firmaments of the Teachings of Al-Islam. • Usul refers to the basic things, They are free from all obscurity and admitting of only one interpretation. Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 31

Masa’il Furu’ • The Minor or Problematic Issues of both the Theoretical and the Practical issues are called; • the Cardinal Principles, • the Non-Fundamental, • Non-Basic, • Secondary Issues = Masa’il Furu’. Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 32

Masa’il Furu’ • THOSE ISSUES, which are Not Entirely, Clear Open to Various Interpretations. • Furu’ refers to extra-Things that are Not Basic. Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 33

Case (2) 1. Some of the ‘Aqeedah issues are Usul and others are Furu’…. Yes ( ). No ( ). 2. Some of the Fiqh issues are Usul and others are Furu’…. Yes ( ). No ( ). 3. To have Iman in Allah is an issue of: Uusl ( ), Furu’ ( ). 4. To know that Allah is aware of all things is an issue of: Uusl ( ), Furu’ ( ). 5. To know that the Qur’an is the word of Allah is an issue of: Uusl ( ), Furu’ ( ). 6. To establish Salah is an issue of: Uusl ( ), Furu’ ( ). Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 34

Case (2) Which of the following issues are Usul or Furu’: 1. Whosoever has Iman that The Divine Being is not seen by our naked eyes. 2. Had Rasul Allah seen Allah at the night of Mi’raj? 3. Seeking to approach (Allah) by the virtue of the status and virtues of some created being, such as saying, (O Allah! I ask You by virtue of Your Prophet and so on. 4. Reciting al-Fatihah behind the Imam. 5. Taraweeh prayer: (8) or (20) Rak’ah? 6. To pay Zakat al-Fitr in Cash. Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 35

CASE (3) Aspects of Islam Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan 36

Masa’il Usul Fundamental or Primary Issues. Masa’il Furu’ Non-Fundamental or Secondary issues + + (5) Type of evidence: (a) Qat’I Dalel. (b) Zani dalel. + + - + + (6) ‘Ijma’ Al-Ummah + - Kafir - - + Not changed Changed Points of differences (1) Theoretical issues (2) Practical issues (3) Major issues (4) Minor issues (7) The one who does not believe in it? (8) Status if Ijtihad. (9) Are these issues changed by time, place and circumstances? (10) Another names. Aspects of Islam Hujjiayat, Kulliayat, Qat’iayat and Sheikh: Mohammed Ramadan Muhkamat. Zanniyat or Juz’iayat. 37