Tree Identification John Ross Tree Identification ISA Certified

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Tree Identification John Ross

Tree Identification John Ross

Tree Identification ISA Certified Arborist Study Guide for the Arborist Certification Exam of the

Tree Identification ISA Certified Arborist Study Guide for the Arborist Certification Exam of the International Society of Arboriculture Presented by John Ross Burditt: Conroe, Texas jross@burditt. com

Plant Classification (taxonomy) Kingdom (Plant) Phylum (Vascular plants or not) Class (Angiosperms; di or

Plant Classification (taxonomy) Kingdom (Plant) Phylum (Vascular plants or not) Class (Angiosperms; di or monocotyledons Gymnosperms have “naked seeds”) Order Family (Similar characteristics) Genus (Closely related, Quercus) Species (THE individual plant)

Plant Nomenclature (naming of plants) Common names vs. Latin names Genus and species…. Quercus

Plant Nomenclature (naming of plants) Common names vs. Latin names Genus and species…. Quercus stellata Varieties & cultivars… var. & ‘Little gem’ Plant Morphology (appearance of tree parts) Branching structure (alternate, opposite, whorled) Leaf type (simple or compound) Leaf margins, apices & bases

Plant Morphology continued Bud type and arrangement Twig & pith characteristics Seed types (acorn,

Plant Morphology continued Bud type and arrangement Twig & pith characteristics Seed types (acorn, samara, legume, etc. ) Bark characteristics (ex. hackberry “warts”) Form & habitat Flowers (ex. flowering dogwood)

Leaf Arrangement & “Parts”

Leaf Arrangement & “Parts”

Compound Leaf Types

Compound Leaf Types

Leaf Bases & Apices

Leaf Bases & Apices

Leaf Margins & Other Types

Leaf Margins & Other Types

Buds & Twigs

Buds & Twigs

Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) Form: open spreading crown Grayish coloring to cone 3 (occasionally

Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) Form: open spreading crown Grayish coloring to cone 3 (occasionally 2) needles

Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii) Form: round top head Carmel coloring to cone 2 and

Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii) Form: round top head Carmel coloring to cone 2 and 3 needles

White ash (Fraxinus americana ) Opposite, pinnately compound U-shaped leaf scar single samara

White ash (Fraxinus americana ) Opposite, pinnately compound U-shaped leaf scar single samara

Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvania) Opposite, pinnately compound Single samara U-shaped scar Brown tinged with

Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvania) Opposite, pinnately compound Single samara U-shaped scar Brown tinged with red, slightly furrowed or ridged

Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoids) Simple, alternate, triangular, square base, coarsely toothed Prominent lenticels, triangular

Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoids) Simple, alternate, triangular, square base, coarsely toothed Prominent lenticels, triangular leaf scars Male catkins

American elm (Ulmus americana ) Alternate, simple, double serrate, oblique base Alternate, inconspicuous lenticels,

American elm (Ulmus americana ) Alternate, simple, double serrate, oblique base Alternate, inconspicuous lenticels, elevated semicircular leaf scars Broad flat-topped ridges, deep elliptical fissures

Common hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) Alternate, simple, deciduous, serrate, asymmetrical base Alternate, numerous pale lenticels

Common hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) Alternate, simple, deciduous, serrate, asymmetrical base Alternate, numerous pale lenticels Many corky ridges, gray-brown to silver-gray

Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) Seed Pods Alternate, deciduous, pinnate & bipinnately compound Irregular shield-shaped leaf

Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) Seed Pods Alternate, deciduous, pinnate & bipinnately compound Irregular shield-shaped leaf scars, stout thorns Gray-brown to black, scaly ridges, deep fissures

Boxelder maple (Acer negundo) Opposite, coarsely serrate, pinnately compound Double samara, slightly converging wings

Boxelder maple (Acer negundo) Opposite, coarsely serrate, pinnately compound Double samara, slightly converging wings Scattered pale lenticels

Mulberry (Morus spp. ) Cluster, dark-red to purple Alternate, simple, deciduous, toothed & lobed

Mulberry (Morus spp. ) Cluster, dark-red to purple Alternate, simple, deciduous, toothed & lobed Catkins Gray-brown, scattered gray lenticels

Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) Acorn, usually solitary, deep bowl-shaped cup, with conspicuous fringe, enclosing

Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) Acorn, usually solitary, deep bowl-shaped cup, with conspicuous fringe, enclosing up to ¾ of the nut Alternate, simple, deciduous, 5 -9 lobed, coarsely toothed terminal lobe Hairy stalked catkins Half round leaf scars

Post oak (Quercus stellate) Alternate, deciduous, usually unequally 5 -lobed Acorn, occasionally in pairs,

Post oak (Quercus stellate) Alternate, deciduous, usually unequally 5 -lobed Acorn, occasionally in pairs, bowlshaped cup enclosing 1/3 of nut Half round bundle leaf scars, pale lenticels

Live oak (Quercus virginiana or fusiformis) Alternate, simple, evergreen, entire margin Acorn, in clusters

Live oak (Quercus virginiana or fusiformis) Alternate, simple, evergreen, entire margin Acorn, in clusters of 3 to 5, top-shaped cup enclosing 1/3 of nut 40 -50 feet high, branching close to ground into a few massive wide spreading limbs, round topped crown

Eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis) Alternate, simple, deciduous, kidney-shaped, heartshaped or flattened base Calyx tube,

Eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis) Alternate, simple, deciduous, kidney-shaped, heartshaped or flattened base Calyx tube, flower Pod 2” – 3 ½”

Eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana ) Awl-shaped, sharp-pointed, spreading and whitened Scale-like in 4

Eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana ) Awl-shaped, sharp-pointed, spreading and whitened Scale-like in 4 ranks giving square appearance Thin reddish-brown bark, peels off in long shred-like strips

Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) Alternate, simple, deciduous, wavy with short or long tapering teeth, flat

Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) Alternate, simple, deciduous, wavy with short or long tapering teeth, flat or heart-shaped base Persistent multiple of achenes forming a head 1” in diameter Bark mottled by large plate-like scales

Black walnut (Juglans nigra ) Alternate, compound, extremely tapering at end, toothed along margin

Black walnut (Juglans nigra ) Alternate, compound, extremely tapering at end, toothed along margin Borne singly or in pairs, nut has hard thick shell Many raised orange lenticels, large shield shaped leaf scars

Pecan (Carya illinoensis) Alternate, compound, tapering at end, toothed along margin Ellipsoidal nut, thin

Pecan (Carya illinoensis) Alternate, compound, tapering at end, toothed along margin Ellipsoidal nut, thin skinned husk, 4 winged from base to apex Conspicuous orangebrown lenticels, obovate leaf scars

Osage-orange (Maclura pomifera) Alternate, simple, oval-pointed Broad rounded interlacing ridges Short axillary thorns, triangular

Osage-orange (Maclura pomifera) Alternate, simple, oval-pointed Broad rounded interlacing ridges Short axillary thorns, triangular to kidneyshaped leaf scars Compact cluster of green oblong firm drupelets, appearance of a green orange

Black willow (Salix nigra ) Alternate, simple, deciduous, lanceolateshaped Dark brown to black, deeply

Black willow (Salix nigra ) Alternate, simple, deciduous, lanceolateshaped Dark brown to black, deeply divided, shaggy scales on old trunks 30 -40 feet high, clustered stems forming broad irregular open crown

Bur Oak Test Tree #1

Bur Oak Test Tree #1

Common Hackberry Test Tree #2

Common Hackberry Test Tree #2

Green Ash Test Tree #3

Green Ash Test Tree #3

Mulberry Test Tree #4

Mulberry Test Tree #4

Eastern Cottonwood Test Tree #5

Eastern Cottonwood Test Tree #5

American Elm Test Tree #6

American Elm Test Tree #6

Eastern Red Cedar Test Tree #7

Eastern Red Cedar Test Tree #7

Sycamore Test Tree #8

Sycamore Test Tree #8

Eastern Redbud Test Tree #9

Eastern Redbud Test Tree #9

Loblolly Pine Test Tree #10

Loblolly Pine Test Tree #10

Thank you John Ross

Thank you John Ross