Treaty of Versailles War guilt clause Reparations The

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Treaty of Versailles • War guilt clause • Reparations • The German economy had

Treaty of Versailles • War guilt clause • Reparations • The German economy had been ruined • Inflation • In 1929, the economy collapsed

ØLeader of the Nazi ØHe blamed Communists & Jews for the loss of German

ØLeader of the Nazi ØHe blamed Communists & Jews for the loss of German pride & defeat in the First World War ØIn January 1933, came to power in Germany & immediately began to challenge the Treaty of Versailles ØImmediately adapted an aggressive foreign policy, which led to war.

ØHitler's aims were aggressive, & he openly stated them in his book "Mein Kampf"

ØHitler's aims were aggressive, & he openly stated them in his book "Mein Kampf" in 1924: ØCancel the Treaty of Versailles. ØCreate a Greater Germany (a country of all the German people). ØLebensraum (living space) to conquer land for Germany in Eastern Europe.

Ø 1933 Chancellor of Germany ØHitler implemented an aggressive foreign policy. ØRefused to pay

Ø 1933 Chancellor of Germany ØHitler implemented an aggressive foreign policy. ØRefused to pay reparations ØStarted a massive expansion of the armed forces ØGave money for public works ØSo… ØUnemployment went down

ADOLF HITLER • Abolished all political parties • and trade unions • Persecuted Jews,

ADOLF HITLER • Abolished all political parties • and trade unions • Persecuted Jews, Communists, homosexuals, Roma, Slavs (Aryans – Master race) • Black-listed books • Burned books

ü 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria ü 1935 Italy attacked Abyssinia (Ethiopia) ü 1935 –

ü 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria ü 1935 Italy attacked Abyssinia (Ethiopia) ü 1935 – Rearmament ü 1936 - Remilitarisation of the Rhineland ü 1938 - Anschluss with Austria ü 1938 - The annexation of the Sudetenland ü 1939 - The invasion of Czechoslovakia ü 1939 - The invasion of Poland

ØHitler promised to reestablish Germany as a world power in the face of Versailles

ØHitler promised to reestablish Germany as a world power in the face of Versailles Treaty ØWithdrew German from the League of Nations ØHe implemented rearmament Question #2 (army / navy / air force / tanks / tactics) ØQuestion #3: Blitzkrieg or lightening– combined use of air force, artillery, tanks &, infantry in attack ØRearmament helped German unemployment drop from 6 million in 1931 to just over 1 million by 1937

ØIn addition to cancel the Versailles Treaty through rearmament, Hitler also began a policy

ØIn addition to cancel the Versailles Treaty through rearmament, Hitler also began a policy of territorial expansion in Europe beginning in 1936 ØQuestion #4: His goal was to expand Germany’s borders & reacquire territory that had been stripped from Germany following the First World War ØThis would help to restore Germany as a major power in Europe

ØPrior to WWI & Versailles it belonged to Germany but following WWI it became

ØPrior to WWI & Versailles it belonged to Germany but following WWI it became a DMZ under League of Nation control (occupied by allied troops) ØHitler was determined to get it back & in March 1936 he peacefully invaded. ØIt was the first violation of the Versailles Treaty ØQuestion #5: Britain & France were not prepared for war so they did not act ØHitler now set his sights on Eastern Europe

ØHitler wanted all Germans living within new German state…. . the Reich. ØAnschluss (Union)

ØHitler wanted all Germans living within new German state…. . the Reich. ØAnschluss (Union) ØQuestion #6: Hitler argued that many Germans lived in Austria so they should be part of Germany. ØMarch ’ 38 Nazi forces entered Austria. ØOnce again Britain & France did nothing…. . didn’t want to risk another war.

ØQuestion #7: This territory was located in northwestern Czechoslovakia ØIt was taken from Germany

ØQuestion #7: This territory was located in northwestern Czechoslovakia ØIt was taken from Germany in 1919 (3 million German speaking people living there). ØQuestion #8: It was important for Czechoslovakia because most of the countries heavy industry & defenses were there ØCzechs wanted to fight but Britain & France would not support them

ØQuestion #9: The leaders of Britain & France met with Hitler in Munich &

ØQuestion #9: The leaders of Britain & France met with Hitler in Munich & decided to give Germany the Sudetenland in return for Hitler’s promise to not make any further territorial demands in Europe

ØThe western powers hoped to save the world from war ØCzechs were not invited

ØThe western powers hoped to save the world from war ØCzechs were not invited ØHitler promised that it was going to be his last territorial demand ØBritish Prime Minister Chamberlain stated this agreement would bring “Peace in our Time” ØBritain & France used the policy of appeasement to deal with Hitler. Why give in to his demands?

ØBritain, France, stood by as Germany occupied all of Czechoslovakia ØMunich Agreement was broken

ØBritain, France, stood by as Germany occupied all of Czechoslovakia ØMunich Agreement was broken by Hitler ØQuestion 11: Britain & France declared to stand up to future German aggression by Hitler in Europe ØWhy did appeasement fail?

ØQuestion #12: The world was shocked in August 1939 when the Nazi-Soviet Pact was

ØQuestion #12: The world was shocked in August 1939 when the Nazi-Soviet Pact was announced

ØBoth promised not to attack each other in the event of war ØThey also

ØBoth promised not to attack each other in the event of war ØThey also secretly agreed to divide Poland which secured Germany’s eastern border from a Soviet invasion ØThis also allowed Germany to concentrate on a war against Britain & France…eliminate a two-front war as in WWI

ØQuestion 13: Hitler demanded Polish Corridor be handed back to Germany ØWhen Poland refused

ØQuestion 13: Hitler demanded Polish Corridor be handed back to Germany ØWhen Poland refused Germany invaded using “Blitzkrieg” on Sept 1 st, 1939 ØQuestion 14: Britain & France came to Poland’s aid & declared war on Sept 3, 1939

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