TREATY of SVRESLAUSANNE 27 th November 1919 TREATY

TREATY of SÈVRES/LAUSANNE 27 th November 1919

TREATY of SEVRES (1920) later • LAUSANNE (1923) Complicated by revolutionary changes in Russia and by the success of Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk)

• August 1920 • TERRITORY All claims to non-Turkish territory renounced Hijaz became independent Syria became a mandate of France Palestine, Iraq and Mesopotamia became mandates of Britain Armenia independent Greece received area around Smyrna for 5 years Eastern Thrace and all the islands in the Aegean except Rhodes and Dodecanese went to Italy • The Straits became international territory • • •

Greek Invasion of Turkey (Smyrna) 1919

• Greek invasion of Smyrna 1919 insult to Turkish pride • Nationalists demanded that the Western leaders should guarantee Turkey’s frontiers • The Greeks were to leave Smyrna • Armenia should remain part of Turkey • 1921 Kemal signed an agreement with Russia re: Russo-Turkish border • 1922 Kemal defeated Greeks

TREATY of LAUSANNE 1923 • TERRITORY • Eastern Thrace returned to Turkey • Imbros and Tenedos returned to Turkey • Straits demilitarized • Turkey could close the straits to enemy warships in the time of war

Treaty of Sèvres (1920) • Turkey lost all of its ME and N African territories as well as considerable land in European Central Asia to Greece • • • Syria went to France as a mandate Palestine, Iraq, Transjordan and Cyprus went to Great Britain Eastern Thrace went to Greece Rhodes and the Dodecanese Islands went to Italy Smyrna was occupied by the Greeks for 5 years and then a plebiscite was due to be held • The Straits exit from the Black Sea) were to become a demilitarized zone, administered by the L of N: Britain, France and Italy were to keep troops in Turkey

• Uprising in Turkey by Kemal Ataturk • Establishment of Turkish Republic • War with Greece 1920 – 23 • 1923 Peace of Lausanne • Restore Smyrna, Eastern Thrace, part of Armenia and some of the Aegean islands to Turkey • Restrictions on the Straits of Constantinople were dropped • To remain a demilitarized zone

AIMS

• Distribute territory of disintegrating

TERMS • Army of 33, 000 men • Reparations of 90 million reduced to 23 million in 1923

ISSUES

RESPONSES