Traumatic Brain Injury Traumatic Brain Injuries n Definition

Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic Brain Injuries n Definition: An insult to the brain, not of a degenerative or congenital nature but caused by an external physical force.

Skull Anatomy Bony ridges

Skull Anatomy Injury to frontal lobe from contact with the skull

Lobes of the Cerebrum Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Limbic Lobe Occipital lobe Temporal Lobe

The Frontal Lobe

Frontal Lobe Injury

Temporal Lobe

Temporal Lobe Injury

Parietal Lobe

Side Impact Injuries May Impact the Parietal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

Occipital Lobe Damage

The Limbic System

Classifications of Brain Injuries Open Closed

I- Open injuries: → penetrating types of wounds →a gunshot, knife, or other sharp object.

II- Closed or intracranial injury: -Closed injury →an impact to the head, but the skull does not fracture.

Subtypes of Closed Head Injuries • Concussion • Contusion • Hematomas

Coup injury Contrecoup injury – brain hits skull

III- Hematomas A- Epidural hematomas → form between the dura mater and the skull. Epidural Hematoma

B- subdural hematoma: → acute venous hemorrhage → rupture to the cortical bridging veins.

Subdural Hematoma

Secondary Problems Increased Intracranial Pressure. n Anoxic Injuries. n Post-traumatic Epilepsy. n

Patient Examination & Evaluation n Glasgow Coma Scale: → assess the individual's level of arousal and function of the cerebral cortex.

Classifying the Severity of Traumatic Brain Injury 1 - Mild → 2 - Moderate → 3 - Severe →

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