Trauma and healing in children and youth Diana
- Slides: 34
Trauma and healing in children and youth Diana Lucia Vasile, Ph. D Psychotherapist, Assoc. Prof. Bucharest, 22 nd of September 2015 diana. vasile@psihotrauma. ro
What do we talk about • • Healthy psyche (and body) Stress and trauma - differentiation Defining psychological trauma Relational trauma Trauma theories Traumatic process Healing process Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Healthy psyche Characteristics • Flowing energy – vitality • Stability • Coherence • Contact with reality and processing the reality • Flexible • Expressive Researchers W. Fiske (1949) Norman (1967) Smith (1967) Goldberg (1981) Mc. Crae & Costa (1987) Daniel Siegel (2010) Franz Ruppert (2014) Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
The power of life Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Healthy psyche • Openness, curiosity • Processing information • Clarity - distinguish between inner and outer world, between subjective and objective reality • Good relationships – contact with oneself and others • Regulation (functions, emotions, stress, ) Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
O C E A N (5 factors of personality) Openess to experiences (imagination and insight, a broad range of interests) Counsciousness (thoughtfulness, good impulse control and goal-directed behaviors) Extraversion (excitability, sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness and high amounts of emotional expressiveness) Agreeableness (trust, altruism, kindness, affection, prosocial behaviors) Neuroticism (emotional stability, regulation of stress) Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Key words • Reality • Clear identity • Adaptation • Regulation Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015 • Relationships • Vitality (energy flow)
Unique personality Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Trauma Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Psychological trauma D. Vasile, 2015 Personal experience of splitting because Threatening situational factors overwhelm Individual posibilities to self-regulate, involving deep feelings of helplessness, fear, vulnerability without protection that leads to a long-lasting deterioration of vitality, identity and self-regulation Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Key words • Individual, unique, personal • Splitting (no choice) • Vitality • Resources exist • Helplessness, intense fear, pain • Confused identity Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Stress vs. trauma • Stress – tension, pression, adaptation We can regulate stress • Trauma – rupture, pain, splitting, void We cannot regulate trauma Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
What is different In stress In trauma The more you do, the more effort you make Things get better The more you do, the more effort you make, Things get worse Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
External vs. Internal Traumatic / risc factors Trauma • • • Disasters, wars • Different types of traumas Accidents Premature birth Neglect, abuse Physical, emotional, sexual abuse ld r o w l a n • Poverty ter n I es c • Mental illness of a parent n e u l f in l a • Etc. rn e t x E Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
6 core traumas F. Macnab (1996) • • • Threaten to life and life patterns Loss of coherence and integrity of self Loss of a significant relationship Loss of functioning Loss of the world vision Loss of the vitality of the soul. Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
4 types of traumas F. Ruppert (1998 -2015) Existential traumas Traumas of loss Attachment trauma/ symbiotic traumas / trauma of love Bonding trauma system Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Relational traumas (1) Traumas produces by humans to humans The more significant the relationship with the person who induces trauma, the more distructive the consequences are Relationships last – if they are traumatizing, they destroy our health Early relationships are extremely important for our health Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Relational traumas (2) Involves a victim-perpetrator dynamic (VP) The person who is the victim feels intense fear, helplessness, exposed – cannot do much or leave the relationship The person who is the perpetrator can be aware or not of what he/she is doing, can do it voluntarily or not, the harm can be directly or indirectly, by doing or not doing something that the other. Dr. person needs Diana Vasile, September 2015
Relational traumas (3) The perpetrators can be parents, partners, close relatives, friends, medical staff etc. If victims are children – less resources and they deeply need parents and relatives The perpetrators are loved and needed The worst case is when a mother threatens her child to death Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Reactions to traumatization • • All kinds of reactions: Physiological reactions (heavy breathing, pin and needles sensations, trembleling, freezing - spliting) Emotional reactions (panic, anger, dispair) Cognitive reactions (illusions – denying & controlling) Behavioural reactions Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
The phases of traumatic process Fischer şi Riedesser, 1998 • Peri-traumatic phase – normal response: scream, fears, grief, and anger. The pathological version is being invaded with overwhelming sensations and feelings. Then, there is a state of exhaustion. • Denial phase. People protect themselves against the traumatic situation. The pathological denial means extream avoidance, inlcuding addiction to medication and/or drugs to avoind the emotional pain. • Intrusion phase with thoghts and memories. Pathological intrusion : intense and uncontrolling thoughts, images and sensations. • Perlaboration phase. People confront themselves with traumatc events and situation and their own reactions and process. • Completion. An important criteris is being able to remeber traumatic situation in details without any compulsion. Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Children and youth • Suffer multiple traumas • Sometimes they depend on people who inflict trauma • They depend on people who are strangers (medical, NGO’s staff, educators, etc. ) • They have lots of physiological reactions • They deny trauma for a long time and express it indirectly Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Children and youth Opennes to experiences (rigind imagination, a limited range of interests) Counsciousness (no thoughtfulness, poor impulse control, no clear goals, destructive behaviors) Extraversion (high excitability, poor verbal/ relational skills, lack of assertiveness and limited emotional expressiveness) Agreeableness (lack of trust/ altruism, harshness, antisocial behaviors) Neuroticism (emotional instability, no regulation of stress) Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Psychic splitting during traumatization Franz Ruppert, 1998 -2015 Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Healthy Part Franz Ruppert, 1998 -2015 • • • Capable of regulating feelings Genuine empathy Ability to secure bond Solving bonding, if neccesary Ability to self-analyse Self responsibility Love for the truth Realism Optimism and basic trust Strong enough to confront traumatizing experiences Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Traumatizing / wounded part Franz Ruppert, 1998 -2015 • Deeply human • Keeps memories about trauma • Same behaviours, experiences, emotions, reactions of the same age when trauma happened • Still caught up in the traumatizing experience • Can be suddenly and unpredictibly triggered Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Survival Part Franz Ruppert, 1998 -2015 • We need it to continue living (survive) • Creates and protects the split • Denies and represses the traumatizing experience • Avoides • Controls • Compensates • Produces illusions about reality • Produces new splits Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Healing? Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Healing • Happens inside the person, based on the healthy structures • Any kind of treatment (psychological, medical etc. ) stimulates the healing process • The person is responsible for her/his own health and healing • The person needs to be aware the victimperpetrator dynamic (VPD) inside • Any treatment needs to address the VPD Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Healing – psychological • • Takes time - patience Involves developing resources Facing the denial Acknowledging (realizing) the trauma / the split • Feeling the feelings (fear, helplessness, hopelessness, vulnerability) • Slow and natural recovery of vitality, clear identity and healthy regulation Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Types of interventions Important: empathy, clarity of one’s own traumas and process Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015 • Verbal interventions • Non-verbal interventions • Unique mixture of methods and techniques to fit each child • Methods: exploration of intention, EMDR, body work, art-therapy, psychodrama etc. • Combined with social support
• Strong belief in healthy structures • Clear and healthy relationships (avoiding perpetrator-victim dynamic - be cautions of rewards and punishments) • Stable and honest communication • Containing strong emotions and feelings • Pursuing what the client needs and wants Important: restoring trust, will and identity Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015 Important issues in trauma therapy with children and youth
Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
Thank you! diana. vasile@psihotrauma. ro Dr. Diana Vasile, September 2015
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