Transposed Letter Effect You will briefly see a

Transposed Letter Effect You will briefly see a string of letters Decide if it is a word or not In the real experiments, subjects press keys to indicate yes (word) or no (not a word). Here: If it is a word, say “yes”. If it is not a word, don’t say anything. The demo automatically advances. You just decide if the letters form a word or not.

The word or nonword will appear here… …and then be covered by a masking pattern

Remember: Say “yes” if it’s a word, say nothing if it’s a nonword. Pay close attention and respond as quickly and accurately as you can. Ready?

FLAME

SMILE

TROFT

MOUTH

JUGDE

The items were: FLAME SMILE TROFT MOUTH JUGDE

Experiments like these use three types of words: Real Words: JUDGE Replaced Words (switching 2 letters would NOT form a real word): JUBKE Transposed Words (switching 2 letters would form a real word): JUGDE

Percent Correct Transposed Letter Effect 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Word Replaced Transposed JUDGE JUBKE JUGDE Highly accurate Many errors

What is This?

French Connection UK

Transposed Letter Effects: Summary • The order of letters does matter; how we distinguish SALT from SLAT • But some imprecision is tolerated • We don’t always have to be exact because of other properties of spelling – such as orthographic redundancy – JUGDE: what else could it be? • In the laboratory, conditions elicit errors • These errors also occur in real world