Transportation Engg3150611 Specification for Flexible Pavement Construction as

Transportation Engg-3150611 Specification for Flexible Pavement Construction as per MORTH-Revision-V Prof. (Dr. ) U. J. Solanki Civil Engg, DIET ujjval. Solanki@darshan. ac. in 9924100758 Department of Civil Engineering Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology

GTU Syllabus: TE_3150611 Sr. No Contents No. of Lectur e Sir 2 DDD 02 -A Introduction: Highway planning and development in India, Highway Geometric Design 6 DDD 02 -B Highway Materials. Bituminous Mix 6 UJS 02 -C Pavement Design and Construction- Flexible and Rigid 6 UJS 02 -D Pavement Maintenance : Highway Drainage, Arboriculture and Lighting 6 UJS 02 -E Traffic Engineering 6 DDD 01 Introduction: Importance of Transportation, Organizations and their functions - (CRRI), (IRC), (RB), (IWAI), (AAI), (ICAO), (DGCA). Soil, Aggregate, Bitumen and 03 Rail Transportation 4 DDD 04 Water Transportation 3 DDD 05 Air Transportation 3 DDD Flexible pavement Construction 2 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

Out line of the Presentation 4 About MORTH Specification 4 Section 100_General 4 Section 200_Site clearance 4 Section 300_ Earthwork, Erosion control and Drainage 4 Section 400_ Sub base, Bases ( Non Bituminous) and Shoulders 4 Section 500_ Bases and Surface course ( Bituminous) Flexible pavement Construction 3 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H Specifications for Road and Brodge Works 4 Specification for Road and Bridge Works ORANGE BOOK 41973 -1 st Published 41988 -2 nd Revision 41995 -3 rd Revision 42001 -4 th Revision 42013 -5 th Revision “BHAGVAD GITA” of Road Constriction Flexible pavement Construction 4 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

What is Specification ? Importance Purpose • Description of quality of materials and workmanship • It includes • Material type and quality • Methodology of item • Quality of workmanship • Mode of measurement and unit • Rates • Drawing can not describe • Most important legal document (More legal strength than drawing) • Rates depends on specification of item. • Useful for supervision • Useful for tendering • Quality control • Clarify drawing • Describe methodology. • Easy for tendering to contractor. • Clear understanding between contractor and owner • Useful for Checking of work quality and method Flexible pavement Construction 5 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

What is Full form of MORTH 4 Open : slido. com 4 Apply code : 87175 4 You will find three options: click any one 41) Minister of Road Transport and Highways 42) Ministry of Road Transportation and Highway 43) Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Flexible pavement Construction 6 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORTH Specification-Section SECTION-100 • General SECTION-200 • Site clearance SECTION-300 • Earthwork, Erosion control and Drainage SECTION-400 • Sub base, Bases ( Non Bituminous) and Shoulders SECTION-500 • Bases and Surface coursed ( Bituminous) Section up to 3200 Flexible pavement Construction 7 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

Cross section of Flexible pavement Carriage way Non-bituminous layer Bituminous Layer Shoulder- Provide support Provide Wearing surface Binder course load transfer Base-Load transfer Upper subbase. Drainage layer Upper Granular sub base- Open graded –Grad III, IV Lower Granular sub base- Close graded –Grad I and II Lower sub-baseseparation layer Existing soil OR Ground –Known as Subgrade Surface/Wearing course -Name Binder course-Name Base course BC-Bituminous Concrete BM-Bituminous macadam SDBC-Semi Dense Bituminous Concrete DBM-Dense Bituminous Macadam OGPS- Open graded premix surfacing BUSG- Built Up Spray Grout WBM-Water bound Macadam WMM-Wet Mix Macadam Seal coat Flexible pavement Construction 8 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 100 - GENERAL 4 Includes General Information 4 Materials and Standards 4 Sieve designation 4 Construction equipment's 4 Setting outs 4 Public utilities 4 Arrangement of traffic during construction 4 Supply of materials 4 Field laboratory Flexible Pavement Construction: 9 Prof. U. J. Solanki, Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology-RAJKOT

MORT&H- SECTION : 200 – SITE CLEARANCE 4 Clearing and grabbing 4 Dismantling culvert's, Bridges and other structures / Pavements Flexible Pavement Construction: 10 Prof. U. J. Solanki, Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology-RAJKOT

Section 300 EARTHWORK, EROSION CONTROL AND DRAINAGE Further discussion Wearing course Binder course Base course Upper Sub-base – Drainage layer Lower Sub-base – Separation layer Embankment/ Compacted/ Borrowed Subgrade Minimum 500 mm for High volume and 300 mm for Low Volume Road Subgrade

MORT&H- SECTION : 300 – EARTHWORK Excavation • For roadway and drains • Blasting operation • Presplitting rock excavation slope • For structure- Bridge Embankment • Embankment construction • Soil Erosion • Rock-fill Embankment • Ground improvement for weak soil Flexible Pavement Construction: 12 Prof. U. J. Solanki, Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology-RAJKOT

MORT&H- SECTION : 300 – EARTHWORK EXCAVATION 4 This work shall consist of excavation, removal and disposal of materials with requirements of these specifications and the lines, grades and cross-sections shown in the drawings or as indicated by the Engineer 4 It shall include the hauling and stacking of suitable cut materials and also the disposal of unsuitable cut materials in specified manner, with all leads and lifts, or as directed by the Engineer Flexible Pavement Construction: 13 Prof. U. J. Solanki, Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology-RAJKOT

MORT&H- SECTION : 300 – EARTHWORK Classification of Excavated material Soil Ordinary rock (Not requiring blasting) Hard rock (using controlled blasting) Hard rock ( Blasting prohibited) Marshy soil Flexible Pavement Construction: 14 Prof. U. J. Solanki, Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology-RAJKOT

MORT&H- SECTION : 300 – EARTHWORK EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION These Specifications shall apply to the construction of embankments including sub-grades, earthen shoulders and miscellaneous backfills with approved material In conformity with the lines, grades, and cross-sections shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer. 1 Material requirement Flexible Pavement Construction: 2 Embankment Construction 3 Density requirement Compaction requirement 4 Construction operation 15 Prof. U. J. Solanki, Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology-RAJKOT

MORT&H- SECTION : 300 – EARTHWORK • The following types of material shall be considered unsuitable for embankment: 1. Materials from swamps, marshes and bogs 2. Peat, log, stump and perishable material; any soil that classifies as OL, Ol, OH or Pt in accordance with IS: 1498; 3. Clay having LL > 50 and PI > 25 4. Materials with salts resulting in leaching in the embankment. 5. Free swell index -FSI > 50 Material requirement Work Density Work % Density Embankment < 3 m ht > 15. 2 k. N/m 3 Subgrade & shoulder > 97 % Embankment > 3 m ht > 16 k. N/m 3 Embankment > 95 % Subgrade and shoulder > 17. 5 k. N/m 3 Expansive soil Not allowed Density requirement Flexible Pavement Construction: Compaction requirement 16 Prof. U. J. Solanki, Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology-RAJKOT

MORT&H- SECTION : 300 – EARTHWORK- Construction operation 1 Setting out 2 Dewatering 5 Spreading Material in Layers and Bringing to Appropriate Moisture content 3 Stripping and Storing 4 Compacting Ground Topsoil Supporting Embankment/Sub. Grade 6 Compaction 8 Repairing of damage due to rain Flexible Pavement Construction: 7 Drainage 9 Finishing operation Completion of Section-300 17 Prof. U. J. Solanki, Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology-RAJKOT

MORTH-Section 400 Sub-bases, bases –Non Bituminous Further discussion Wearing course Binder course Base course √ Upper Sub-base – Drainage layer Lower Sub-base – Separation layer Embankment/ Compacted/ Borrowed Subgrade Minimum 500 mm for High volume and 300 mm for Low Volume Road Subgrade

MORT&H- SECTION : 400 – SUB-BASES, BASES –NON BITUMINOUS 1 Sub-base Granular subbase (GSB) Further discussion Water bound macadam (WBM) 2 Wet mix macadam (WMM) Lime treated Treated soil Cement treated Crushed Cement concrete Cement. Fly-ash treated Sub-base / Base Flexible pavement Construction 19 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 400 – SUB-BASES, BASES –NON BITUMINOUS Sub-base Granular sub-base (GSB) Scope : This work shall consist of laying and compacting well-graded material on prepared subgrade The material shall be laid in one or more layers as sub-base or lower subbase and upper sub-base as necessary according to lines, grades and cross-sections shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer Materials : Natural sand, Crushed gravel, Crushed stone, Crushed slag, In two layer lower and upper sub-base thickness shall not less than 150 mm individual Grading : I, III, IV, V and VI……………………………Next slide Flexible pavement Construction 20 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 400 – SUB-BASES, BASES –NON BITUMINOUS Granular Sub-Base Materials (GSB) Percent by Weight Passing the IS Sieve Grading Class IS Sieve Size I II IV V VI 75. 0 mm 53. 0 mm 26. 5 mm 100 80 -100 55 -90 100 70 -100 55 -75 100 50 -80 100 80 -100 55 -90 100 75 -100 9. 50 mm 35 -65 50 -80 - - 35 -65 55 -75 4. 75 mm 25 -55 40 -65 10 -30 15 -35 25 -50 30 -55 2. 36 mm 20 -40 30 -50 - - 10 -20 10 -25 0. 85 mm 0. 425 mm 0. 075 mm 10 -15 <5 <5 <5 2 -10 0 -5 - 0 -8 0 -3 Suitability Lower sub base as Filter / Separation CLOSE GRADED Flexible pavement Construction 21 Upper sub base as Drainage Media OPEN GRADED Prof. U. J. Solanki For both lower + upper Sub-base Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 400 – SUB-BASES, BASES –NON BITUMINOUS 4 Physical requirements for materials for GSB Aggregate Impact value 40 % Max. Liquid limit 25 % Max Plasticity Index 6 Max 30 % Min Layer thickness 100 mm with static roller 80 -100 k. N Allowed 200 mm with vibratory roller only Speed of roller 5 kmph Max Water absorption 2 % Max Particle size 75 mm Max Density requirement after compaction Flexible pavement Construction 22 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

What is maximum size of particle in GSB 4 Open slido. com 4 Apply code : 87175 Flexible pavement Construction 23 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

What is density requirement for GSB after compaction? 4 Open slido. com 4 Apply code : 87175 Flexible pavement Construction 24 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 400 – SUB-BASES, BASES –NON BITUMINOUS 4 Construction Operation –Sub-base-GSB 1. Preparation of subgrade 2. Spreading and compaction • Next slide Flexible pavement Construction 25 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 400 – SUB-BASES, BASES –NON BITUMINOUS Compaction 1 3 2 1. Start from lower edge-> proceed towards upper edge 2. Continue up to required density Overlap Minimum 1/3 rd 3. At completion material shall be well closed, free from movement under roller and free from compaction planes, ridges and cracks Flexible pavement Construction 26 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 400 – SUB-BASES, BASES –NON BITUMINOUS 1 Sub-base Further discussion 2 Granular subbase (GSB) Further discussion Water bound macadam (WBM) Wet mix macadam (WMM) Lime treated Treated soil Cement treated Crushed Cement concrete Cement. Fly-ash treated Sub-base / Base Flexible pavement Construction 27 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 400 – SUB-BASES, BASES –NON BITUMINOUS 4 Water Bound Macadam 4 Scope: 4 This work shall consist of clean crushed aggregates mechanically interlocked by rolling and bonding together with screening, binding material 4 Water laid on a properly prepared subgrade/sub-base/base or existing pavement 4 In close conformity with the lines, grades, cross-sections and thickness as per approved plans or as directed by the Engineer Flexible pavement Construction 28 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 400 – SUB-BASES, BASES –NON BITUMINOUS 4 Physical requirements for materials for WBM Details For Coarse agg. and screening Max. particle size 75 mm Aggregate Impact value 30 % Max. Aggregate Abrasion value 40 % Max Combined FI + EI 35 % Max Water absorption 2 % Max Liquid limit NA Plasticity Index NA Layer thickness 75 mm Min. Speed of roller 5 KMPH Max Density requirement after compaction * Slag can be used in sub-base course only Flexible pavement Construction Binding material 29 Not applicable 6 Maximum Not applicable Grading – Next slide Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 400 – SUB-BASES, BASES –NON BITUMINOUS 4 Water bound macadam – Material - Grading GRADING FOR COARSE AGGREGATE Grad No 1 Size range and compacted TK 90 to 45 mm Compacted Layer thickness 100 mm 63 to 45 mm 2 Compacted Layer thickness 75 mm 53 to 22. 4 mm 3 Compacted Layer thickness 75 mm Flexible pavement Construction GRADING FOR SCREENINGS Sieve size in mm % passing 125 100 90 90 -100 63 25 -60 45 0 -15 22. 4 0 -5 75 Grading no Size Sieve size in mm % passing 13. 2 100 11. 2 90 -100 5. 6 15 -35 63 90 -100 53 25 -75 0. 180 0 -10 45 0 -15 11. 2 100 22. 4 0 -5 63 100 9. 5 80 -100 53 90 -100 5. 6 50 -70 45 65 -90 22. 4 0 -10 0. 180 5 -25 11. 2 0 -5 30 13. 2 mm A 11. 2 mm B Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 400 – SUB-BASES, BASES –NON BITUMINOUS 4 Construction Operation –Sub-base/ Base -WBM 1. Preparation of base 4. Spreading coarse aggregate 2. Inverted choke/subsurface drainage layer 5. Rolling 6. Application of screenings 8. Setting and drying 7. Sprinkling of water and grouting Flexible pavement Construction 3. Lateral confinement of aggregate 31 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

What would be the ideal roller speed? 4 Open slido. com 4 Apply code : 87175 Flexible pavement Construction 32 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 400 – SUB-BASES, BASES –NON BITUMINOUS 1 Sub-base Granular subbase (GSB) Further discussion Water bound macadam (WBM) 2 Wet mix macadam (WMM) Lime treated Treated soil Cement treated Crushed Cement concrete Cement. Fly-ash treated Sub-base / Base Flexible pavement Construction 33 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 400 – SUB-BASES, BASES –NON BITUMINOUS 4 WET Mix Macadam (WMM) 4 Scope: This work shall consist of laying and compacting clean, crushed, graded aggregate and granular material, premixed with water ± 2% OMC 4 Laying on prepared sub-grade/subbase/ base or existing pavement 4 The material shall be laid in one or more layers as necessary to lines, grades and cross-sections shown on the approved drawings or as directed by the Engineer Flexible pavement Construction 34 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 400 – SUB-BASES, BASES –NON BITUMINOUS 4 Physical requirements for materials for WMM Details For Coarse agg. and screening Max. particle size 75 mm Aggregate Impact value 30 % Max. Agg. Abrasion value 40 % Max Combined FI + EI 35 % Max Water absorption 2 % Max Plasticity Index 6 Max Layer thickness 75 mm Minimum Speed of roller 5 KMPH Max Density requirement after compaction Grading – Next slide Flexible pavement Construction 35 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 400 – SUB-BASES, BASES –NON BITUMINOUS 4 Wet Mix Macadam – Material - Grading GRADING FOR AGGREGATE Sieve size in mm % passing 53. 0 100 45. 0 95 -100 Flexible pavement Construction 26. 5 - 22. 4 11. 2 4. 75 2. 36 0. 075 60 -80 40 -60 25 -40 15 -30 8 -22 0 -5 36 Prof. U. J. Solanki As per IRC: 1092005 6 -18 4 -8 Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 400 – SUB-BASES, BASES –NON BITUMINOUS 4 Construction Operation –Sub-base/ Base -WMM 1. Preparation of base 4. Spreading of Mix Flexible pavement Construction 2. Provision of Lateral 3. Preparation of Mix at WMM confinement of aggregate Plant 5. Compaction 37 Completion of 6. Setting and. Section-400 drying Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORTH-Section 500 Bases and Surface Courses–Bituminous Wearing course Binder course Further discussion √ Base course Upper Sub-base – Drainage layer Lower Sub-base – Separation layer Embankment/ Compacted/ Borrowed Subgrade Minimum 500 mm for High volume and 300 mm for Low Volume Road Subgrade

MORT&H- SECTION : 500 – BASES & SURFACE COURSE BITUMINOUS 4 Bituminous Courses Wearing course Binder course • Dense bituminous macadam (DBM) • Bituminous macadam (BM) • Sand asphalt base course • • • Flexible pavement Construction 39 Bituminous concrete (BC) Mixed seal surfacing-(MSS) Surface dressing Open Graded Premix Surfacing Seal coat Slurry seal Micro surfacing Stone matrix asphalt (SMA) Mastic Asphalt Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 500 – BASES & SURFACE COURSE BITUMINOUS 4 Bituminous Courses DBM and BC Dense bituminous Bituminous concrete (BC) macadam (DBM) • Scope • The specification describes the design and construction procedure for Dense Bituminous Macadam, (DBM), • The work shall consist of construction in a single or multiple layers of DBM on a previously prepared base or subbase. • The thickness of a single layer shall be 50 mm to 100 mm Flexible pavement Construction 40 Scope • This work shall consist of construction of Bituminous Concrete, for use in wearing and profile corrective courses. This work shall consist of construction in a single layer of bituminous • A single layer shall be 30 mm/40 mm/50 mm thick Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 500 – BASES & SURFACE COURSE BITUMINOUS 4 Materials for DBM and BC Binder • Viscosity grade (VG) as per IS : 73 • Modified bitumen as per IRC SP 53 and IS 15462 Coarse aggregate • Crushed rock, crushed gravel, retained on 2. 36 mm Binder selection…Next slide Flexible pavement Construction 41 Fine aggregate • Crushed or naturally occurring material • PI < 4, Prof. U. J. Solanki Filler * Fine rock dust, hydrated lime or cement *Free from organic impurities, PI < 4 Darshan Institute of Engg. And

Bituminous Mix type Dense Graded Mix Well graded aggregate Flexible pavement Construction Open Graded Mix Single size and fines very less 42 Prof. U. J. Solanki Gap Graded Mix Stone matrix Asphalt-SMA Darshan Institute of Engg. And

Classification of bituminous Mix Dense Graded Open Graded Gap Graded Coarse aggregate Fine aggregate Filler Bitumen Air voids Flexible pavement Construction 43 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 500 – BASES & SURFACE COURSE BITUMINOUS 4 Materials : Bitumen for DBM and BC 4 Bitumen is selected based on air temperature of project site Lowest Daily Mean Air Temperature, ⁰C Less than 20 ⁰C 20 to 30 ⁰C More than -10 ⁰C VG-10 VG-20 VG-30 -10 ⁰C or Lower VG-10 VG-20 Flexible pavement Construction Highest Daily Mean Air Temperature, ⁰C 44 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 500 – BASES & SURFACE COURSE BITUMINOUS 4 Material : Physical requirement of Coarse Aggregate for DBM and BC Property Cleanliness (dust) Particle shape Strength Durability Water Absorption Stripping Water sensitivity Test Specification Grain size analysis Max 5% passing 0. 075 mm sieve Combined Flakiness and Elongation Indices* Los Angeles Abrasion Aggregate Impact Value Soundness either: Na 2 SO 4 or Mg. SO 4 Max 35% Max 30% Max 27% Max 24% Max 12% or Max 18% Water Absorption Max 2% Coating and Stripping of Bitumen Aggregate Mix Retained Tensile strength** Flexible pavement Construction 45 Max 35% For BC Max. retained coating 95% Min 80% Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 500 – BASES & SURFACE COURSE BITUMINOUS 4 Material : Physical requirement of Fine Aggregate for DBM and BC 4 Fine aggregates shall consist of crushed or naturally occurring mineral material, 4 Passing the 2. 36 mm sieve and retained on the 75 micron sieve. 4 These shall be clean, hard, durable, dry and free from dust 4 Natural sand shall not be allowed in binder courses. However, natural sand up to 50 percent of the fine aggregate may be allowed in base courses but not in wearing course 4 The plasticity index shall not exceed 4 Flexible pavement Construction 46 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 500 – BASES & SURFACE COURSE BITUMINOUS 4 Material : Physical requirement of Filler for DBM and BC 4 Filler shall consist of finely divided mineral matter such as rock dust, hydrated lime or cement approved by the Engineer. 4 Grading IS Sieve (mm) % Passing 0. 6 100 0. 3 95 -100 0. 075 85 -100 4 The filler shall have a plasticity Index not greater than 4. 4 The Plasticity Index requirement shall not apply if filler is cement or lime. Flexible pavement Construction 47 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 500 – BASES & SURFACE COURSE BITUMINOUS 4 Material : Aggregate Grading and Binder content for DBM and BC 4 Composition of Dense Graded Bituminous Macadam (DBM) Grading 1 2 Nominal aggregate size (NMSA) Layer thickness IS Sieve (mm) 45 37. 5 26. 5 19. 0 13. 2 4. 75 2. 36 0. 3 0. 075 37. 5 75 -100 mm % Passing 100 95 -100 63 -93 55 -75 38 -54 28 -42 7 -21 2 -8 26. 5 50 -75 % Passing 100 90 -100 71 -95 56 -80 38 -54 28 -42 7 -21 2 -8 Bitumen content % by mass of total mix Min 4. 0* Min 4. 5* Flexible pavement Construction 48 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 500 – BASES & SURFACE COURSE BITUMINOUS 4 Specifications for Wearing course : Bituminous Concrete 4 Composition of Bituminous Concrete Grade – 1 and 2 Grading 1 2 Nominal aggregate size 19 mm 13. 2 mm Layer thickness 50 mm 30 -40 mm IS Sieve (mm) % passing 26. 5 100 19 90 -100 13. 2 59 -79 90 -100 9. 5 52 -72 70 -88 4. 75 35 -55 53 -71 2. 36 28 -44 42 -58 1. 18 20 -34 34 -48 0. 6 15 -27 26 -38 0. 3 10 -20 18 -28 0. 15 Flexible pavement Construction 49 5 -13 Prof. U. J. Solanki 12 -20 Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 500 – BASES & SURFACE COURSE BITUMINOUS 4 Mix Design requirement for DBM and BC Properties Viscosity Grade paving bitumen Compaction level 75 blows in each face of the specimen Minimum stability (k. N at 60⁰ C) 9. 0 Marshal flow (mm) 2 -4 Marshal Quotient (Stability/Flow) 2 -5 % Air voids 3 -5 % Voids filled with bitumen 65 -75 Coating of aggregate particles 95% Minimum Tensile strength ratio 80% Minimum % Voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) Flexible pavement Construction 50 As per size of agg. Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 500 – BASES & SURFACE COURSE BITUMINOUS 4 Job Mix Formula for DBM and BC DBM BC Aggregate passing 19 mm sieve or larger ± 8% ± 7% Aggregate passing 13. 2, 9. 5 mm sieve or larger ± 7% ± 6% Aggregate passing 4. 75 mm ± 6% ± 5% Aggregate passing 2. 36 mm, 1. 18 mm, 0. 6 mm ± 5% ± 4% Aggregate passing 0. 3 mm, 0. 15 mm ± 4% ± 3% Aggregate passing 0. 075 mm ± 2% ± 1. 5 % Binder content ± 0. 3 % Mixing temperature ± 10⁰ C Description Flexible pavement Construction 51 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 500 – BASES & SURFACE COURSE BITUMINOUS 4 Laying Trials for DBM and BC 4 Once the plant trials have been successfully completed and approved, the Contractor shall carry out laying trials, to demonstrate that the proposed mix 4 The laying trial shall be carried out on a suitable area which is not to form part of the works. The area of the laying trials shall be a minimum of 100 sq. m 4 The Contractor shall previously inform the Engineer of the proposed method for laying and compacting the material. 4 The compacted layers of DBM and BC shall have a minimum field density equal to or more than 92% of the density based on theoretical maximum specific gravity (Gmm) Flexible pavement Construction 52 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 500 – BASES & SURFACE COURSE BITUMINOUS 4 Construction Operation for DBM and BC 1. Weather and seasonal limitation 2. Preparation of base 3. Geosynthetics 4. Stress absorbing layer 5. Prime coat 6. Tack coat 7. Mixing and Transportation of mix 8. Spreading 9. Rolling Flexible pavement Construction 53 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 500 – BASES & SURFACE COURSE BITUMINOUS 4 Construction Operation for DBM and BC 1. Weather and seasonal limitation Laying shall be suspended: I. In presence of standing water on the surface; II. When rain is imminent, and during rains, fog or dust storm; III. When the base/binder course is damp; IV. When the air temperature on the surface on which it is to be laid is less than 10°C for mixes with conventional bitumen and is less than 15°C for mixes with modified bitumen; V. When the wind speed at any temperature exceeds the 40 km per hour at 2 m height. Flexible pavement Construction 54 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 500 – BASES & SURFACE COURSE BITUMINOUS 4 Construction Operation for DBM and BC 2. Preparation of base 1. The surface on which the bituminous work is to be laid shall be cleaned of all loose and extraneous matter by means of a mechanical broom and air jet 2. The equipment for applying a high pressure air jet from a compressor to remove dust or loose matter shall be available full time at the site Flexible pavement Construction 55 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 500 – BASES & SURFACE COURSE BITUMINOUS 4 Construction Operation for DBM 5. Prime coat and 6. Tack coat Rate of Application of Prime Coat Type of Surface Bitumen Emulsion Rate of Spray (kg/sq. m. ) Type of Surface Rate of Spray (kg/sq. m. ) Bituminous surfaces 0. 20 -0. 30 0. 25 -0. 30 -0. 35 Bitumen Cutback Type of Cutback Rate of Application of Tack Coat WMM/WBM 0. 7 -1. 0 MC 30 0. 6 -0. 9 Stabilized soil bases/Crusher Run Macadam Granular surfaces treated with primer 0. 9 -1. 2 MC 70 0. 9 -1. 2 Cement Concrete Pavement Flexible pavement Construction 56 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 500 – BASES & SURFACE COURSE BITUMINOUS 4 Construction Operation for DBM and BC 7. Mixing, laying and rolling temperature for Bituminous mixes (Degree Celsius) Bitumen Viscosity Grade Aggregate Bitumen Temperature Mixed Material Temperature Laying *Rolling Temperature VG 40 160 -175 160 -170 150 Min. 100 Min. VG 30 150 -165 150 -170 150 -165 140 Min. 90 Min. VG 20 145 -165 145 -170 145 -165 135 Min. 85 Min. VG 10 140 -165 140 -160 130 Min. 80 Min. * Rolling must be completed before the mat cools to those minimum temperature Flexible pavement Construction 57 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 500 – BASES & SURFACE COURSE BITUMINOUS 4 Construction Operation for DBM and BC 8. Spreading: 4 Except in areas where a mechanical paver cannot access, bituminous materials shall be spread, levelled and tamped by an approved selfpropelled paving machine 4 The minimum thickness of material laid in each paver pass shall be in accordance with the minimum values given in the relevant parts of these Specifications 4 Bituminous material, with a temperature greater than 145⁰C, shall not be laid or deposited on bridge deck waterproofing systems, unless precautions against heat damage have been approved by the Engineer Flexible pavement Construction 58 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORT&H- SECTION : 500 – BASES & SURFACE COURSE BITUMINOUS 4 Construction Operation for DBM and BC 9. Rolling 4 Bituminous materials shall be laid and compacted in layers, shall commence as soon as possible after laying 4 Rolling shall commence at the edges rolling shall continue until all roller marks have been removed from the surface 4 The initial or breakdown rolling shall be done with 8 -10 ton static weight smooth-wheel rollers, intermediate rolling shall be done with 8 -10 ton static weight or vibratory roller or with a pneumatic tyre roller of 12 to 15 ton weight, with a tyre pressure of at least 0. 56 MPa. 4 Overlapping on successive passes by at least one-third of the width of the rear roll or, in the case of a pneumatic-tyred roller, at least the nominal width of 300 mm Flexible pavement Construction 59 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

If we strictly follow MORTH Specification …we may save our roads Flexible pavement Construction 60 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

MORTH Specification The BHAGVAD GITA of Road Construction 4 For Long lasting Pavement 4 The three responsible factors are Drainage and More Drainage 4 As per Renowned Bitumen Expert statement Prof. (Dr. ) Serji Amirkhanian ( Professor University of Alabama - USA) the other three responsible factors are Temperature and Temperature 4 As per MORTH, other three factors shall be added Specification Flexible pavement Construction Specification 61 and Specification Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

References 1. MORTH Specification for road and bridges Revision-5 th 2. IRC : 19 -2005 - Standard specifications and code of practice for WBM 3. IRC: 109 -2015 -Guidelines for wet mix macadam 4. IRC : 119 -2009 -Specifications for dense graded bituminous mixes 5. MORD Specification for rural roads (First revision) Flexible pavement Construction 62 Prof. U. J. Solanki Darshan Institute of Engg. And

Thank you Questions? Prof. Ujjval J. Solanki Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology RAJKOT ujjval. solanki@darshan. ac. in