TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN LIVING ORGANISM SMPK PENABUR JAKARTA

Human circulatory system Part 2

How much is your blood?

Human Circulatory System • Carry? • Consist of: ▫ Blood circulation ▫ Lymphatic system �Lymphatic organs �Lymphatic vessels

B. 1. Blood • Consist of: ▫ Blood cells �RBC �WBC �Thrombocyte ▫ Plasma 50%

B. 1. 1 RBC • 5 -6 million/ mm 3 • Form in bone marrow • Round, flat • Don’t have any nucleus • biconcave

• Contain Hb (Fe) • Bright red = O 2 • Violet red = CO 2

• Oxygen transported into all cells • In cell oxygen is de-attached from Hb • Absorbed by diffusion • RBC reformation billirubin (in liver)

B. 1. 2. WBC

1. 2. WBC • • • Have nucleus Irregular shape Movement = amoeboid Can go through blood vessel = diapedesis 5. 000 -10. 000/mm 3 form in bone marrow, lymph, limfe

Type of WBC Name of Leucocyte Function Monocyte Eat germs that enter our body Neutrophil Eat germs that enter our body Lymphocyte Make antibody Basophil Allergy reaction Eusinophil Allergy reaction, esp. worm

• Too much = leucocytosis • Too less = leucopenia

B. 1. 3. Platelets • Produced by Red bone marrow • Pinched-off cytoplasmic fragments of specialized bone marrow cells • No nucleus, no granule • Vary in shape and sizes • 150 -400 k/mm 3 blood • For: blood clotting

Blood Clotting

B. 1. 4. Blood Plasma • Mostly water • Pale yellow • Contains: ▫ Protein ▫ food substance ▫ blood cell

B. 1. Blood-Function • As a transport system • Maintain body temperature • Protect body

B. 1. Blood Type

Aglutinogen, aglutinin?

B. 1. Blood Type-Rhesus Karl Landsteiner & Alexander Wiener • Antiserum agglutinate ur blood = Rh+ • Can lead serious medical complications • Mother-fetus incompability

• Baby? ▫ ▫ Jaundiced Fevered Quite swollen Enlarged liver and spleen s li a t e f is s o t s la b o r h t y Er

Circulatory organs Part 3

C. 1. HEART • As a pump • Four parts: ▫ ▫ Right atrium Left atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle • Left atrium & left ventricle = bicuspid • Right atrium & right ventricle = tricuspid cleft Function?

The Heart • It is about the size of a closed fist • It weighs about 300 g • It is made up of special muscles which contract and relax • It pumps throughout a lifetime, at about 70 times a minute

• Section heart: 4 chambers and 4 valves • Upper chambers atrium, lower chambers ventricles

The chambers • Atria push blood into ventricles and then ventricles push blood out of heart. • Ventricles require greater force to push blood, so it have thicker walls than atria • Muscular wall called septum, separates left side and right side

The valves • Atrio-ventricular valves - Lie between atria and ventricle. - Tricuspid on the right side - Bicuspid on the left side • Semilunar valves: lie between left ventricle and aorta; between right ventricle and pulmonary artery They act as doors, ensure blood flow in one direction and prevent it from flowing backwards

Heart work • Two atrium deflate, two ventricle inflate ▫ Blood from atrium to ventricle • Two ventricle shrivelled, two atrium expanded ▫ ▫ Right ventricle = to lung Left ventricle = to other parts From lung = left atrium Other parts = right atrium • They take a rest for short time

Rich CO 2 (fr all over the body) Rich O 2 (fr lung) Two vena cava Vena pulmo nalis Right atrium Left atrium Right ventricle Left ventricl e Aorta Arteri pulmonalis All over the body

C. 2. Blood Vessel • Artery ▫ Largest = aorta ▫ Bring oxygen rich blood from left ventricle to all over the body ▫ Smaller vessel = arteries ▫ Smallest vessel = capillary vessel • Vein

The blood vessels • Blood vessels form a network of tubes to bring blood around our body. • 2+1 types of blood vessels

Blood pressure • 120/80 • 120 systole ▫ Ventricle contracts • 80 diastole ▫ Ventricle relaxes

Blood circulation Part 4

• Closed circulatory system • Blood pass heart twice = double circulation

A. Pulmonary Circulation • Heart – lungs – heart 1. to the superior and inferior vena cava, 2. then to the right atrium 3. through the tricuspid valve 4. to the right ventricle 5. through the pulmonic valve 6. to the pulmonary artery 7. to the lungs

B. Systemic Circulation • Heart – all over the body – heart The blood picks up oxygen in the lungs, and then flows from the lungs: 1. to the pulmonary veins 2. to the left atrium 3. through the mitral valve 4. to the left ventricle 5. through the aortic valve 6. to the aorta 7. to the body

Diseases in human circulatory system Part 5

1. Hypertension: blood pressure > normal 2. Hypotension: blood pressure < normal

3. Anemia: erythrocytes < normal • Men < 13, 5 g/100 ml • Women < 12 g/100 ml • caused by either a decrease in production of red blood cells or hemoglobin, or an increase in loss or destruction of red blood cells. 4. Sickle Cell Anemia • Hemoglobin becomes defective and causes the RBC to change the shape • Normal Hgb. A sickle Hgb. S

5. Thalassemia ▫ ▫ ▫ erythrocytes easily damaged Abnormal Hb inherited

6. Leukemia = cancer of the blood cells When you have leukemia, the bone marrow starts to make a lot of abnormal white blood cells, called leukemia cells. They don't do the work of normal white blood cells. They grow faster than normal cells, and they don't stop growing when they should.

7. Leukocytosis

8. Leukopenia: leucocytes < normal 9. Thrombocytopenia: reduce thrombocytes or platelets

10. Varices: enlargement of vein at legs

• 11. arteriosclerosis: thickening and loss of elasticity in the arterial wall. • 12. Atherosclerosis: plaque (plak) builds up inside arteries. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood.

13. Heart Attack • Myocardinal infaction • Unthreated atherosclerosis • The damage or death of cardiac muscle tissue resulting from blockage of one or more coronary arteries, which supply oxygen -rich blood to the heart muscle

14. Stroke • the death of nervous tissue in the brain due to a lack of O • result from rupture or blockage of arteries in the head