Transnational acces to TRIGA Mark II reactor at

Transnational acces to TRIGA Mark. II reactor at Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia WP 11. 2 AIDA meeting, Bologna, April 2018 Vladimir Cindro, Jožef Stefan Institute 1

The reactor research centre is a part of Jožef Stefan Institute, AIDA meeting, Bologna, April 2018 Vladimir Cindro, Jožef Stefan Institute 2

TRIGA Mark II reactor Training Research Isotope General Atomics • Built in 1966 (General Atomics), reconstructed in 1991 • 250 k. W maximum power, can be regulated to few W • flux scales with power • measured damage factor fast (> 0. 1 Me. V) neutrons is 0. 90 ± 0. 05 • calculated damage factor is 0. 88 ± 0. 05 • there also epithermal and thermal neutrons (2 -3 x flux of fast neutrons), contribution to NIEL only 1 -2% • TID is about 1 k. Gray for 1014 neqcm-2 at 250 k. W • accuracy of equivalent fluence is ± 10% • maximum uninterrupted irradiation time is 16 h. • highest fluence for AIDA 1017 cm-2 • web page http: //www-f 9. ijs. si/~mandic/Reac. Setup. html • • agreement between simulated and measured fluxes in reactor core within few percents Reference: K. Ambrožič et al. : Computational analysis of the dose rates at JSI TRIGA reactor irradiation facilities - Applied Radiation and Isotopes 130 (2017) 140– 152 AIDA meeting, Bologna, April 2018 Vladimir Cindro, Jožef Stefan Institute 3

Large tube (sample width up to ≈ 6 cm) Φmax = 3. 57 1012 neqcm-2 Accuracy about 10% AIDA meeting, Bologna, April 2018 Small tube (sample width up to ≈24 mm) Central tube Φmax = 6 1012 neqcm-2 Φmax = 1. 54 1012 neqcm-2 1016 neqcm-2 in 6500 s Vladimir Cindro, Jožef Stefan Institute 4

JSI TRIGA reactor – Tang. Ch (WP 15. 5) Large object irradiation facility in the Tangential Channel of the JSI TRIGA reactor

Irradiation channel for large objects (WP 15. 5) approx 130 mm x 200 mm NIEL Flux 3. 9 x 1011 ncm-2, hardness factor 0. 83 (0. 146 for total flux) in small channel 1. 54 1012 HF 0. 90 250 s 1014 ncm-2 AIDA meeting, Bologna, April 2018 Vladimir Cindro, Jožef Stefan Institute 6

Why reactor? • neutrons cause damage also in HEP experiments! • Sheffield grroup simulations (ATLAS) • • NIEL concept is not valid! high fluences possible at reactor AIDA meeting, Bologna, April 2018 Vladimir Cindro, Jožef Stefan Institute 7

Temperature during irradiation (small channel) – measurements on Si wafer 1015 ncm-2 in small channel “standard” annealing procedure after irradiation – 80 min at 60 o. C – minimizes uncertainties due to annealing during the irradiation (Neff) AIDA meeting, Bologna, April 2018 Vladimir Cindro, Jožef Stefan Institute 8

Sharing of units between experiments: 463 units delivered in 86 projects, approx 480 irradiations 500 units foreseen in total AIDA meeting, Bologna, April 2018 Vladimir Cindro, Jožef Stefan Institute 9

Research topics: > 15 publications AIDA meeting, Bologna, April 2018 Vladimir Cindro, Jožef Stefan Institute 10

Activation with neutrons • activation with neutrons can cause problems for shipment • About 10 % of shipments as exemted packages (radioactive material) • Ta 182(half life 192 days), Ag ( 253 days) the most common long term “problem” • Indium (54 minutes) with very high cross section (148 barn) AIDA meeting, Bologna, April 2018 Vladimir Cindro, Jožef Stefan Institute 11

Conclusion: • JSI reactor continues to be widely used for radiation damage studies • About 90 % of plan fulfilled in three years AIDA meeting, Bologna, April 2018 Vladimir Cindro, Jožef Stefan Institute 12