TRANSMISSIONBASED ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS TRANSMISSIONBASED ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS Methods of
TRANSMISSIONBASED ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS
TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS ØMethods of caring for pts who have a communicable disease. ØCommunicable disease=disease caused by a pathogen that can be easily transmitted to others
TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION ØEpidemic=occurs when communicable disease spreads rapidly from person to person and affects a large number of people at the same time
TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION ØPandemic=when the outbreak of disease occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a high proportion of the population.
TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS ØStandard precautions are used on ALL pts ØTransmission-based isolation techniques provide extra protection against specific diseases or pathogens to prevent their spread ØType of isolation used is based on the causative organism, the way the organisms is transmitted, and whether it is antibiotic resistant
TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS ØPPE (personal protective equipment) is used to provide protection from pathogens
TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS ØObjects are either contaminated or clean ØContaminated=dirty, pathogens are present These objects must not be touched unless the HCW is protected by PPE The outside and waist ties of the gown, gloves, and mask are considered contaminated
TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION ØClean=objects do not contain pathogens and have minimal chance of spreading the disease Inside of: gloves, gown, neckband its ties, and mask and its ties are considered clean
TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION 4 main types of precautions: 1. 2. 3. 4. Standard Airborne Droplet Contact
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS ØUsed on ALL pts ØTreat all blood and body fluids as if they were infectious regardless of the pt’s disease or diagnosis. ØUse appropriate PPE to protect yourself from blood and body fluids.
AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS ØUsed for pts known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei ØAirborne droplet nuclei are small particles of evaporated droplets that contain microorganisms & remain suspended in the air or on dust particles ØExamples: measles, chicken pox, tuberculosis
AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS ØIn addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed: 1. Pt placed in a private room with door closed 2. Air in room must be discharged to outdoor air or filtered before being recirculated 3. HCW must wear N 95 mask
AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS ØIn addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed: 4. People susceptible to measles or chicken pox shouldn’t enter pt room 5. Pt should only be taken out of the room if necessary and must wear a surgical mask during transport
N 95 MASK SURGICAL MASK
DROPLET PRECAUTIONS ØUsed for pts known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large particle droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing ØExamples: meningitis, pneumonia, diphtheria, pertussis, mumps, influenza
DROPLET PRECAUTIONS ØIn addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed: 1. Pt placed in a private room or in a room with a pt who has the same active infection 2. Surgical Mask must be worn when you are within 3 feet of the patient 3. If transport of the pt is essential, the pt must wear a surgical mask
CONTACT PRECAUTIONS ØUsed for pts known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms that can be transmitted by either direct and indirect contact and can spread rapidly from person to person ØExamples: multidrug-resistant organisms that can cause GI, respiratory, skin, or wound infections; hepatitis A; rotavirus; lice
CONTACT PRECAUTIONS ØIn addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed: 1. Pt placed in a private room or in a room with a pt who has the same active infection 2. Gloves must be worn when entering the room 3. Gloves must be changed after contamination
CONTACT PRECAUTIONS ØIn addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed: 4. Gloves must be removed before leaving the room and hands washed
CONTACT PRECAUTIONS ØIn addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed: 5. Gown must be worn if there is a chance of contact with the pt, environmental surfaces, or items in the room. Gowns must be removed before leaving the room.
CONTACT PRECAUTIONS ØIn addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed: 6. Pt transport should be for essential purposes only 7. The room and items in it must receive daily cleaning and disinfection 8. Patient-care equipment should be left in the room and only used for that pt if possible (example: stethoscope)
PROTECTIVE OR REVERSE ISOLATION ØMethods used to protect certain pts from organisms present in the environment ØUsed for immunocompromised pts whose body defenses are not capable of protecting them from infections ØExamples: severely burned pts, chemo pts, transplant pts whose immune systems have been depressed prior to receiving transplants
PROTECTIVE OR REVERSE ISOLATION ØIn addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed: 1. Pt placed in a room that has been cleaned and disinfected & continues to receives frequent disinfection while the pt occupies it 2. Anyone entering the room must wear gown, gloves, and mask
PROTECTIVE OR REVERSE ISOLATION ØIn addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed: 3. All equipment brought into room must be clean, disinfected, or sterile 4. Special filters may be used to purify the room air
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