Transmission Lines Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku

Figure 11. 1 Typical transmission lines in cross-sectional view: (a) coaxial line, (b) two-wire

Figure 11. 2 Common transmission lines: (a) coaxial line, (b) two-wire line, (c) planar

Figure 11. 3 Distributed parameters of a two-conductor transmission line. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth

Figure 11. 4 (a) Coaxial line connecting the generator to the load; (b) E

Figure 11. 5 An L-type equivalent circuit model of a two-conductor transmission line of

Figure 11. 6 (a) Input impedance due to a line terminated by a load.

Figure 11. 7 Voltage and current standing wave patterns on a lossless line terminated

Figure 11. 8 Input impedance of a lossless line: (a) when shorted, (b) when

Figure 11. 9 For Practice Exercise 11. 3. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku

Figure 11. 10 Unit circle on which the Smith chart is constructed. Elements of

Figure 11. 11 Typical r-circles for r = 0, 0. 5, 1, 2, 5,

Figure 11. 12 Typical x-circles for x = 0, ± 0. 5, ± 1,

Figure 11. 13 Illustration of the r-, x-, and s-circles on the Smith chart.

Figure 11. 14 (a) Smith chart illustrating scales around the periphery and movements around

Figure 11. 15 Smith chart for Example 11. 4. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition

Figure 11. 16 Smith chart for Example 11. 5. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition

Figure 11. 17 Load matching using a l/4 transformer. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition

Figure 11. 18 Voltage standing wave pattern of mismatched load: (a) without a l/4

Figure 11. 19 Matching with a single-stub tuner. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku

Figure 11. 20 Using the Smith chart to determine ℓ and d of a

Figure 11. 21 (a) Typical slotted line; (b) Determining the location of the load

Figure 11. 22 Determining the load impedance from the Smith chart by using the

Figure 11. 23 Determining ZL by using the slotted line: (a) wave pattern, (b)

Figure 11. 24 Smith chart for Example 11. 7. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition

Figure 11. 25 Transients on a transmission line: (a) a line driven by a

Figure 11. 26 Bounce diagram for (a) a voltage wave and (b) a current

Figure 11. 27 For Example 11. 8. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright

Figure 11. 28 Voltage bounce diagram for Example 11. 8. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth

Figure 11. 29 Voltage (not to scale) for Example 11. 8: (a) at the

Figure 11. 30 Equivalent circuits for the line in Figure 11. 27 for (a)

Figure 11. 31 Current bounce diagram for Example 11. 8. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth

Figure 11. 32 Current (not to scale) for Example 11. 8: (a) at the

Figure 11. 33 For Practice Exercise 11. 8(a). Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku

Figure 11. 34 For Practice Exercise 11. 8(b). Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku

Figure 11. 35 For Example 11. 9 (not to scale). Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth

Figure 11. 36 Triangular pulse for Practice Exercise 11. 9. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth

Figure 11. 37 Current waves for Practice Exercise 11. 9. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth

Figure 11. 38 Microstrip line. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright © 2007

Figure 11. 39 Pattern of the EM field of a microstrip line. (From D.

Figure 11. 40 Near-end crosstalk (NEXT) in a paired cable. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth

Figure 11. 41 Far-end crosstalk (FEXT) in a paired cable. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth

Figure 11. 42 Smith chart for Review Question 11. 6. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth

Figure 11. 43 Smith chart for Review Question 11. 7. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth

Figure 11. 44 The diode of Problem 11. 3. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition

Figure 11. 45 Equivalent circuits for Problem 11. 4: (a) P-type, (b) T-type. Elements

Figure 11. 46 For Problem 11. 21. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright

Figure 11. 47 For Problem 11. 22. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright

Figure 11. 48 For Problem 11. 26: (a) network, (b) lossy line. Elements of

Figure 11. 49 For Problem 11. 29. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright

Figure 11. 50 Double section transformer of Problem 11. 41. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth

Figure 11. 51 For Problems 11. 42 and 11. 43. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth

Figure 11. 52 For Problem 11. 44. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright

Figure 11. 53 For Problem 11. 45. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright

Figure 11. 54 For Problem 11. 50. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright

Figure 11. 55 For Problem 11. 54. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright

Figure 11. 56 For Problem 11. 55. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright

Figure 11. 57 For Problem 11. 56. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright

Figure 11. 58 Two rectangular pulses of Problem 11. 56. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth

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Transmission Lines Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku 1

Figure 11. 1 Typical transmission lines in cross-sectional view: (a) coaxial line, (b) two-wire line, (c) planar line, (d) wire above conducting plane, (e) microstrip line. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press 2

Figure 11. 4 (a) Coaxial line connecting the generator to the load; (b) E and H fields on the coaxial line. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press 5

Figure 11. 5 An L-type equivalent circuit model of a two-conductor transmission line of differential length Dz. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press 6

Figure 11. 6 (a) Input impedance due to a line terminated by a load. (b) Equivalent circuit for finding Vo and Io in terms of Zin at the input. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press 7

Figure 11. 14 (a) Smith chart illustrating scales around the periphery and movements around the chart. (b) Corresponding movements along the transmission line. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press 15

Figure 11. 18 Voltage standing wave pattern of mismatched load: (a) without a l/4 transformer, (b) with a l/4 transformer. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press 19

Figure 11. 22 Determining the load impedance from the Smith chart by using the data obtained from the slotted line. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press 23

Figure 11. 23 Determining ZL by using the slotted line: (a) wave pattern, (b) Smith chart for Example 11. 6. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press 24

Figure 11. 25 Transients on a transmission line: (a) a line driven by a pulse generator, (b) the equivalent circuit at z = 0, t = 0+. Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press 26

Figure 11. 39 Pattern of the EM field of a microstrip line. (From D. Roddy, Microwave Technology, 1986, by permission of Prentice-Hall. ) Elements of Electromagnetics Fourth Edition Sadiku Copyright © 2007 Oxford University Press 40