Translation Remember Proteins run your body Your cells

Translation

Remember… Proteins run your body Your cells make proteins like this: DNA RNA Proteins We’ve already learned about DNA and RNA, now lets learn about the next step, making proteins.

Translation • Translation is the process of making proteins from m. RNA • m. RNA functions as the blueprint for your genes

Proteins • Proteins are made of small pieces called amino acids

RNA makes proteins m. RNA (Messenger RNA) Made from the DNA t. RNA (Transfer RNA) Puts the amino r. RNA (Ribosomal RNA) acids together Ribosomes read the m. RNA

Translation • m. RNA is made (transcription) in the nucleus • Leaves the nucleus • Goes to the cytoplasm Nucleus m. RNA t. RNA • Then it is read by the ribosome • And proteins are made Ribosome m. RNA

The m. RNA is read 3 nucleotides at a time, called codons. The ribosome reads the m. RNA codons and the t. RNA brings the correct amino acid that matches. t. RNA Ribosome m. RNA

The Genetic Code Match the m. RNA codon to the correct amino acid… AUG = Methionine CCC = Proline GCA = Alanine UUA = Leucine UAA = Stop

The Genetic Code Now let’s go from DNA to m. RNA to amino acid DNA RNA Amino Acid ATA UAU Tyrosine CCG GGC Glycine TTA AAU Asparagine

The Genetic Code • Why is it possible for an amino acid to be specified by more than one codon? There are 64 different combos for codons but only 20 amino acids.