Translation Dr Kevin Ahern Central Dogma m RNA

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Translation Dr. Kevin Ahern

Translation Dr. Kevin Ahern

Central Dogma

Central Dogma

m. RNA Structure Bacteria

m. RNA Structure Bacteria

Genetic Code Universal Redundant Logical Punctuated 64 Codons 3 Stops 1 Start 2 Unique

Genetic Code Universal Redundant Logical Punctuated 64 Codons 3 Stops 1 Start 2 Unique for AA 59 Redundant

Translation Steps

Translation Steps

Central Dogma Nucleus Cytoplasm Eukaryotes

Central Dogma Nucleus Cytoplasm Eukaryotes

Translation

Translation

Simple View of Translation Start Codon Stop Codon

Simple View of Translation Start Codon Stop Codon

Structure

Structure

t. RNAs - Translator Molecules Amino Acid Attachment Point

t. RNAs - Translator Molecules Amino Acid Attachment Point

t. RNAs - Translator Molecules

t. RNAs - Translator Molecules

Amino Acid Activation - Charging of t. RNAs Aminoacyl t. RNA-synthetase Type 1 -

Amino Acid Activation - Charging of t. RNAs Aminoacyl t. RNA-synthetase Type 1 - AA on 2’ OH Type 2 - AA on 3’ OH

“Charging” of t. RNAs

“Charging” of t. RNAs

f. Met Synthesis in Prokaryotes

f. Met Synthesis in Prokaryotes

Wobble Base

Wobble Base

Wobble Base

Wobble Base

Small Ribosomal Subunit (30 S Prokaryotes)

Small Ribosomal Subunit (30 S Prokaryotes)

Large Ribosomal Subunit (50 S Prokaryotes)

Large Ribosomal Subunit (50 S Prokaryotes)

Structure 50 S Ribosomal Subunit

Structure 50 S Ribosomal Subunit

r. RNAs

r. RNAs

Simple Overview

Simple Overview

Overview

Overview

Prokaryotes - Shine-Dalgarno Sequence

Prokaryotes - Shine-Dalgarno Sequence

Shine-Dalgarno Sequence 16 S r. RNA Sequence

Shine-Dalgarno Sequence 16 S r. RNA Sequence

Initiation

Initiation

Initiation

Initiation

Structure Protection Against Hydrolysis EF-Tu

Structure Protection Against Hydrolysis EF-Tu

Elongation

Elongation

Elongation

Elongation

Termination

Termination

Translation in Prokaryotes 1. Binding of m. RNA by small subunit 2. Sliding to

Translation in Prokaryotes 1. Binding of m. RNA by small subunit 2. Sliding to identify start codon (Shine-Dalgarno) 3. Base pairing of anticodon of initiator t. RNA to AUG in m. RNA (3 IFs) 4. Binding of large subunit 5. Entry of second t. RNA into A-site (EF-Tu) 6. Peptide bond formation - peptide on t. RNA in A-site 7. Translocation (requires GTP & EFG) 8. Exit of used t. RNA, entry of new charged t. RNA 9. Repeat 5 -8 to STOP Codon 10. Entry of release factor with water

Translation in Eukaryotes Differences 1. m. RNA structure 2. Ribosome sizes (60 S &

Translation in Eukaryotes Differences 1. m. RNA structure 2. Ribosome sizes (60 S & 40 S) 3. r. RNA sizes (extra r. RNA) 4. No Shine-Dalgarno 5. No f. Met

Translation in Eukaryotes - Initiation Kozak Sequences

Translation in Eukaryotes - Initiation Kozak Sequences

Eukaryotic Translation

Eukaryotic Translation

Elongation

Elongation

Eukaryotic Translation Bonding to m. RNA Premature Stopping of Translation Degradation of m. RNA

Eukaryotic Translation Bonding to m. RNA Premature Stopping of Translation Degradation of m. RNA

Membrane Proteins

Membrane Proteins

Structure

Structure

Membrane Protein Synthesis

Membrane Protein Synthesis

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