Transitioning Your Network to Meet Tomorrows Needs Julio

Transitioning Your Network to Meet Tomorrow’s Needs Julio Gonzalez Fujitsu Network Communications November 9, 2011 Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications

Transitioning Your Network to Meet Tomorrow’s Needs Today you will hear: n Keynote Address – Julio Gonzalez n Transformation of Voice – Steve Gleave n Cloud Computing – Joel Pogar n Ethernet Service Monitoring – Seth Higgins n The Future of Smart Grid – Rick Geiger n Closing Remarks – Rick Mc. Kinney Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications 1

Future Market Drivers Video Content Networking n Exponential bandwidth growth, revenue per bit not keeping up n Over-the-Top Video and audio dominates BW on fixed and mobile n IP video changes the way video is consumed, commercialized, and web embedded Mobility Internet of Humans and Things, Ubiquitous Connectivity n Mass adoption emerging smart devices, mobile broadband explosion n Evolution drives human context into networking (location, time, activity, social) n M 2 M drives innovation in sensors, data collection, authentication and control systems Virtualization Public and Private Cloud Computing n Data center access and large-pipe data center interconnect n Secure, trusted, scalable, dynamic interconnect of DC control, mgmt, and data planes n Infrastructure for content, application and service delivery networks 2

Content + Mobility + Cloud = Big Bandwidth Cool – yet alarming – Predictions Source : UBS 1 Q 11 – N. America Wireless Demand by device It would take over 5 years to watch the amount of video that will cross global IP networks every second in 2015. Internet video is now 40 percent of consumer Internet traffic, and will reach 61 percent by the end of 2015. Globally, mobile data traffic will increase 26 times between 2010 and 2015. The number of devices connected to IP networks will be twice as high as the global population in 2015. Sources + Cisco VNI, 2011. Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, © 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications Inc. 3

Paradigm Shift from Technology to Human Focus Creating Knowledge, Supporting Human Activities Transforming Business Processes Improving Productivity Scope of ICT Human Services Internet PC Computer Centric Network Centric Cloud Computing Sensor Technology Ubiquitous Terminals Mobile Communications Human Centric Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, © 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications Inc. 4

Current State of Utility Communications Reliability is the number-one criteria for utility communications networks. Reliability Communications service providers face increased opportunities in utility communications, but must meet utilities’ key reliability, technical and cost requirements. Increased Opportunities for Providers Certain key technical factors are mandatory for safe, reliable and secure utility operations Extreme high reliability, higher bandwidth, very low latency, ubiquitous coverage, tight security and uninterrupted power supplies. Mandatory Technical Factors Smart Grid Evolving Scope, Structure & Technologies The advent of the smart grid promises to create a more uniform set of architectures, configurations and applications for utilities in the future. The scope, structure and technologies of utility communications vary widely from utility to utility – no single approach to utility communications is practical. Source: UTC, A Study of Utility Communication Needs, Sept 2010 Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications 5

Key Technical Factors that Impact Utility Communications Networks Technical Factor Situation/Standard High Reliability • Crucial to ensure continued functioning of the electric grid • Require at least four nines (99. 99%) in core networks Higher Capacity or Bandwidth • Advent of smart grid technologies and stepped-up needs for complex 2 -way communications driving higher bandwidth architectures • Extensive microwave links & fiber backbones, but lack spectrum to support widearea backhaul & last-mile access Low Latencies • High latencies threaten core operations • Acceptable level varies and is dependent on specific applications and magnitude of risk to operational reliability • Typically in low milliseconds range (10 -60 ms) Ubiquitous Coverage • Safety of field force requires reliable communications • Need communications systems to cover full geographic expanse of service territories, particularly wireless Tight Security Measures • Two-way digital technologies pose increased risks (i. e. million of endpoints) • New mandates (NERC-CIP revision & NIST guidelines) driving requirements • End-to-end protection of the network from physical and cyber attacks Uninterrupted Back-Up Power • Critical to restoring service to the power grid and resuming normal power functions • Most use combination of multi-hour battery back (8 hrs+) supplemented by generator back-up powered by fuel sources Utilities believe that outside telecom providers can not in every circumstance sufficiently meet the key factors that are mandatory for ensuring the safe and steady operations of the power grid. Source: UTC, A Study of Utility Communication Needs, Sept 2010 Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, © 2010 Fujitsu Network Communications 6

Next Generation Network Planning Parameters n Current network challenges n Meeting current demand but not for long n SONET-based networks can’t scale to transport packet-centric information n Provide deterministic performance n High service availability requirement n Service isolation and reliability May 10, 2011 Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 7

Fujitsu Vision And The Role Of Optical Networking Human Centric Intelligent Society Cities Retail Education Agriculture Healthcare Government Utility. Utily Manufacturing Converged Infrastructure • Residential Services • Commercial Services Transportation Mobile Backhaul • 2 G/3 G/4 G Fujitsu ICT focused on creating value by connecting the real world PONP PONP Cloud Fusion Enterprise Services • Access to IP Cloud • Metro Ethernet Services • Data Center Interconnect Green Data Centers Supercomputing Servers and Middleware Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, © 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications Inc. 8

Different Implementations of Carrier Ethernet Connectionless Ethernet (CLE) and Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE)

What is Carrier/Metro Ethernet ? n Augmentation of Ethernet LAN technologies and standards for use in metro and wide-area networks n Network protection, Remote Fault Management, Performance Measurements, Classes of Service, etc. n Used to deliver Ethernet (Layer 2) and IP services to subscribers n Used to build metro/wide area networks (L 2 VPNs) May 10, 2011 Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 10

Connectionless Ethernet (CLE) n When most think of Ethernet, they think of Ethernet LANs n Technically referred to as Connectionless Ethernet LAN n Single User per Ethernet Interface n Network is inside a building n CLE is also used for wide-area connectivity UNI n Sites connect to an Ethernet UNI n Multiple Users per Ethernet Interface n Network is across a wide area May 10, 2011 UNI UNI Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications MP 2 MP EVC in Carrier Network 11

Challenges with Connectionless Ethernet (CLE) in Carrier Ethernet Networks n Non-Deterministic Qo. S and Traffic Patterns n Variable Qo. S performance (Packet Delay, Delay Variation, Loss) • Traffic paths vary due to spanning tree topology changes n Difficult to traffic engineer variable traffic paths n Difficult to Guarantee Bandwidth n Multiple ingress and egress points in the network n Oversubscribed bandwidth (CIR=0) impacts committed bandwidth (CIR≠ 0) n Difficult to provide High Network Availability n Spanning Tree cannot meet demanding application requirements n No end-to-end service protection CLE requires technology augmentation to make it “Carrier Grade” May 10, 2011 Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 12

Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE) The Best of Both Worlds Connectionless Ethernet SONET • Layer 2 Aggregation • Statistical Multiplexing • Flexible Bandwidth Granularity • Cost Effectiveness • Deterministic and precision Qo. S • Bandwidth reserved per STS • 99. 999% Availability • Highest Security (Layer 1 service) Connection-Oriented Ethernet COE provides the Flexibility and Scalability of Ethernet with the Performance, Reliability and Security of SONET May 10, 2011 13 Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network. Ethernet: Communications Connection-Oriented A No-Nonsense Overview

What is Connection-Oriented Ethernet ? n High performance implementation of Carrier Ethernet n Used for P 2 P and P 2 MP metro and wide area networking n Disables Ethernet bridging behavior n No Spanning Tree Protocol n No MAC address learning/flooding n Ethernet paths provisioned by Management System n Implementations use “label-based” frame forwarding n Ethernet / VLAN Tag Switching: C-VIDs + S-VIDs n PBB-TE: BMAC Address + B-VID n MPLS-TP: MPLS label May 10, 2011 Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 14

COE Fundamental Attributes Carrier Ethernet with Traffic Engineering 1. Ethernet Frames take a predetermined path Connection. Oriented Ethernet § Guarantees Consistent EVC Performance 2. Bandwidth Reserved per EVC § Also supports oversubscription May 10, 2011 Connectionless Ethernet EVC ? Explicit data path Implicit data path Connection. Oriented Ethernet Connectionless Ethernet EVC 1 EVC 2 EVC 3 ? Per-flow Bandwidth Aggregated Bandwidth Deterministic performance Statistical performance 15 Overview Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network. Ethernet: Communications Connection-Oriented A No-Nonsense

Connection-Oriented Ethernet Attributes Focusing on Ethernet-centric Implementations of COE

COE Ecosystem 6 Attributes of Connection-Oriented Ethernet Standardized Services • MEF Service Definitions • MEF Service Attributes Deterministic Qo. S • Lowest Packet Latency and Loss • Bandwidth Resource Reservation Ethernet OAM • Link Fault Management • EVC Fault Management • Performance Monitoring Scalability • Layer 2 Aggregation • Statistical Multiplexing Reliability / Availability • 50 ms EVC Protection • UNI & ENNI Protection Security • No Bridging: MAC Do. S attacks mitigated • Completely Layer 2: No IP vulnerabilities May 10, 2011 Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 17

Standardized Services and Applications Supported by COE Standardized Services n Ethernet Private Line (EPL) • MEF Service Definitions • MEF Service Attributes n Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL) n Includes ‘Hub & Spoke’ applications n Ethernet Access Services n Access EPL ** n Access EVPL ** n Ethernet access to IP networks (Internet, Vo. IP, etc. ) n Cell Tower/Mobile Backhaul ** New MEF service definitions under development COE supports the most popular types of Ethernet applications and services May 10, 2011 Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 18

Ethernet over SONET (Eo. S) Challenges on SONET Multiservice Provisioning Platforms (MSPPs) n Eo. S doesn’t support aggregation n Eo. S is a port-based service n Ethernet switch added for aggregation Scalability • Layer 2 Aggregation • Statistical Multiplexing Eth MSPP SONET MSPP n Eo. S bandwidth dictated by SONET Container Size n Eo. S bandwidth in 50 Mbps STS increments n Other bandwidth increments waste SONET bandwidth SONET VCG 50 Mbps 30 Mbps wasted 20 Mbps EVC Eo. S is an inefficient technology for packet-centric applications May 10, 2011 Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 19

COE over SONET on Fujitsu FLASHWAVE Packet Optical Networking Platforms (P-ONP) n COE supports EVC aggregation n Aggregates EVCs onto higher speed Ethernet port Eth P-ONP Scalability • Layer 2 Aggregation • Statistical Multiplexing COE over SONET P-ONP n COE aggregates EVCs onto same SONET VCG n Can achieve 100% bandwidth utilization 50 Mbps 20 Mbps EVC 10 Mbps EVC 20 Mbps EVC COE significantly improves BW efficiency over existing SONET network May 10, 2011 Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 20

Load Sharing over G. 8031 EVC Local FLASHWAVE CDS UNI EVC odd EVC even 1 Available BW (Mbps) CIR PIR EIR 250 1000 750 Working Collector 10 GE 1 20 FLASHWAVE 9500 UNI Protect Collector Ring Protect To Routers EVC odd All Odd EVCs EVC even All Even EVCs 1 Collector 10 GE 5 20 Working n Each of 20 CDS maps two EVC’s diversely over collector ring n Total of 40 working EVC’s per 10 GE collector ring n 20 EVC’s mapped over each path- East & West n G. 8031 allocates reserve BW over Protect path n Under normal conditions working EVC’s can use EIR and reserve BW n Peek information rate (PIR) provision up to full rate GE Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, © 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 21

COE Network and Link Protection n Link Protection via 802. 3 ad Link Aggregation n Protection for UNIs and ENNIs Reliability / Availability • 50 ms EVC Protection • UNI & ENNI Protection n Network Protection via G. 8031 Linear Path Protection n Continuity Check Messages (heartbeats) monitor the path’s health n If failure occurs, CCMs not received from Working Path • NE switches to Protect Path Wo Failure Protected UNI or ENNI Pro te Pat ct h Failover rki Pa ng th Protected UNI or ENNI Network protection can be applied over any network topology March 9, 2011 Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 22

Connection-Oriented Ethernet Security n No MAC Address Learning Vulnerabilities • No Bridging: MAC Do. S attacks mitig • Completely Layer 2: No IP vulnerab n Immune to MAC Address spoofing of Network Elements (NE) n Immune to MAC address table overflow Do. S attacks in NEs n No Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Vulnerabilities n Immune to STP Denial of Service (Do. S) attacks n Doesn’t use IP protocols n Immune to IP protocol vulnerabilities and attacks n Uses few Layer 2 protocols n Fewer protocols = Fewer network security vulnerabilities COE provides security comparable to SONET networks March 9, 2011 Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 23

COE supports standard Ethernet Link and Service OAM Ethernet OAM ENNI-N UNI-C Network Domain 1 • Link Fault Management • EVC Fault Management • Performance Monitoring ENNI-N Network Domain 2 UNI-N UNI-C Service OAM ITU-T Y. 1731 End-to-End Performance Monitoring IEEE 802. 1 ag End-to-End Connectivity Fault Management Link OAM IEEE 802. 3 ah Link OAM March 9, 2011 Link OAM Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 24

COE Resource Reservation COE can Guarantee Bandwidth like SONET n SONET: BW guaranteed in 50 Mbps increments n Based on SONET 50 Mbps STS container size Deterministic Qo. S • Lowest Packet Latency and Los • Bandwidth Resource Reservati n With COE, bandwidth guaranteed in 1 Mbps (CIR) increments n Bandwidth reserved at each NE across network path • For both Working and Protect Paths for a given EVC Working Path EVC Management System Protect Path Bandwidth Reserved End-to-End CIR bandwidth guaranteed for each Path Each Path is traffic engineered to achieve Qo. S Objectives May 10, 2011 Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 25

High Availability Ethernet Services with COE Using Fujitsu Multi-level Fault Tolerance Architecture High Availability Ethernet Service § Ethernet Service OAM via 802. 1 ag and Y. 1731 Network § NE Software Management 50 ms Network Protection via SONET or G. 8031 § In-Service System Software Upgrades § Working / Protect EMS/NMS Instances Network Element § Protected Power, Switch Fabric, etc. Card § Card protection (active/standby or Port active/active) § Port protection via Link Aggregation § Link Aggregation across cards Making Ethernet services as reliable as SONET-based services May 10, 2011 Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 26

Summary n COE on Packet Optical Networking Platforms facilitates and accelerates the evolution from SONET to Ethernet n For Utility Access, Aggregation and Core networks n COE is a high performance implementation of Carrier Ethernet n Addressing the most popular Ethernet WANs applications n COE provides the Flexibility and Scalability of Ethernet n With the Performance, Reliability and Security of SONET May 10, 2011 Connection-Oriented Ethernet for Next-Generation Transmission & Distribution Networks. © Copyright 2011 Fujitsu Network Communications 27

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