TRANSITION TO MODERN AMERICA America Past and Present

TRANSITION TO MODERN AMERICA America: Past and Present Chapter 25

The Second Industrial Revolution U. S. develops the highest standard of living in the world The twenties and the second revolution electricity replaces steam modern assembly introduced

The Automobile Industry Auto makers stimulate sales through model changes, advertising Auto industry fosters other businesses Autos encourage suburban sprawl

Patterns of Economic Growth Structural change professional managers replace individual entrepreneurs corporations become the dominant business form Big business weakens regionalism, brings uniformity to America

Glenwood Stove Ad

Invention Wright Brothers December 17, 1903 Glenn Curtis 1918

Advertising 3 S’s Sexuality Self improvement Snob Appeal

Social Mobility

Snob Appeal

Sex Appe al

Brand Names and Slogans

Shame and Fear

Economic Weaknesses Railroads poorly managed Coal displaced by petroleum Farmers face decline in exports, prices Growing disparity between income of laborers, middleclass managers Middle class speculates with idle money

City Life in the Jazz Age Rapid increase in urban population Skyscrapers symbolize the new mass culture Communities of home, church, and school are absent in the cities

Women and the Family Ongoing crusade for equal rights Carrie Chapman Catt

Women and the Family Ongoing crusade for equal rights “Flappers” seek individual freedom

Women and the Family Most women remain in domestic sphere

Women and the Family Discovery of adolescence teenaged children no longer need to work indulge their craving for excitement

The Roaring Twenties Decade notable for obsessive interest in celebrities Sex becomes an all-consuming topic of interest in popular entertainment

The Flowering of the Arts Alienation from 20 s’ mass culture "Exiled" American writers put U. S. in forefront of world literature T. S. Eliot Ernest Hemingway F. Scott Fitzgerald Harlem Renaissance--African Americans prominent in music, poetry

Harlem Renaissance Beginnings of Black Power Africa for Africans

The Rural Counterattack Rural Americans identify urban culture with Communism, crime, immorality Progressives attempt to force reform on the American people upsurge of bigotry an era of repression

The Fear of Radicalism 1919 -- “Red Scare” Fear of Communists and Anarchists A. Mitchell Palmer illegal roundups of innocent people forcible deportation of aliens terrorism against “radicals, ” immigrants 1927 -- Sacco and Vanzetti executed

Prohibition 1918 --18 th Amendment ratified 1920 --Volstead Act prohibits production, sale, or transport of alcoholic beverages Consumption of alcohol reduced Prohibition resented in urban areas Bootlegging becomes big business 1933 --18 th amendment repealed

The Ku Klux Klan 1925 --Klan membership hits 5 million Attack on urban culture, inhabitants Defense of traditional rural values Klan seeks to win U. S. by persuasion Violence, internal corruption result in Klan’s virtual disappearance by 1930

Immigration Restriction 1924 --Congress restricts all immigration Preferential quotas to northern Europeans Mexican immigrants exempt from quota

The Fundamentalist Challenge Fundamentalism: stress on traditional Protestant orthodoxy, biblical literalism 1925 --Scopes Trial discredits fundamentalism among intellectuals “Modernists” gain mainline churches Fundamentalists strengthen grassroots appeal in new churches

Foreign Policy of the 1920 s Kellogg-Briand Pact Dawes Plan Washington Naval Conference Fordney Mc. Cumber Tariff

Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover Republican presidents appeal to traditional American values Harding scandals break after his death Coolidge represents America in his austerity and rectitude Hoover represents the selfmade man

Republican Scandal Tea Pot Dome Ohio Gang

Republican Policies Return to "normalcy" tariffs raised corporate, income taxes cut spending cut isolationism Coolidge- Anti- Union and blocks Congressional aid to farmers Government-business cooperation

The Election of 1928 Democrat Al Smith carries urban vote governor of New York Roman Catholic Republican Herbert Hoover wins race Midwesterner Protestant Religion the campaign’s decisive issue

The Old and the New Old historical view: the Depression ended the spirit of the twenties New historical view: the twenties laid the foundations of modern America