TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION Protein Synthesis RNA RIBONUCLEIC ACID SINGLE

TRANSCRIPTION/ TRANSLATION Protein Synthesis

RNA RIBONUCLEIC ACID SINGLE STRANDED RESPONSIBLE FOR BRINGING THE GENETIC INFO. FROM THE NUCLEUS TO THE CYTOSOL!

RNA NUCLEOTIDE Phosphate group Sugar molecule (ribose) Nitrogenous bases � Adenine – URACIL � Cytosine - guanine

RNA

3 KINDS OF RNA m. RNA – (messenger) brings info. from DNA in nucleus to cytosol t. RNA –(transfer) brings amino acids to m. RNA for translation r. RNA –(ribosomal) makes up the ribosomes where proteins are made (globular)

TRANSCRIPTION!! DNA RNA 1. RNA polymerase-initiates transcription by binding to region on DNA called PROMOTER 2. only ONE of the DNA chains will be used for transcription it’s call the TEMPLATE 3. RNA POLYMERASE – attached to first DNA nucleotide of template chain – then begins adding complementary RNA nucleotides

CONT. TRANSCRIPTION 4. transcription continues until RNA polymerase reaches a TERMINATION SIGNAL on the DNA 5. RNA polymerase releases both the DNA mol. And newly formed RNA mol.

RNA REPLICATIONS

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS PROTEINS CARRY OUT THE GENETIC INSTRUCTIONS ENCODED IN AN ORGANISM’S DNA!!!!

TRANSLATION THE PROCESS OF ASSEMBLING FROM INFO. ENCODED IN A MRNA! 1. m. RNA leaves nucleus 2. m. RNA migrates to ribosome in cytosol for protein synthesis 3. amino acids floating in cytosol are transported to ribosomes by t. RNA mole 4. peptide bonds join the amino acids to make polypeptide chain

VOCABULARY! 1. GENETIC CODE: correlation between a nucleotide sequence and an amino acid sequence 2. CODON 3 m. RNA nucleotides, codes for a specific amino acid (64) 3. START CODON (AUG) & a. a. methionine 4. STOP CODON (UAA, UAG, UGA) 5. ANTICODON – 3 t. RNA nucleotides carrying a specific amino acid!

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS *

Peptide bond PROTEIN SYNTHESIS !

THE SUMMARY! THE CENTRAL DOGMA