Transcription and Translation March 24 2011 What weve

Transcription and Translation March 24, 2011

What we’ve been talking about… • Genetics • How genotype affects phenotype • But how do your cells actually MAKE the proteins that affect your phenotype?

From DNA to Protein • DNA is used to make all the proteins your body needs • DNA RNA Protein • Each of these are different molecules with separate functions!

These sweet molecules…. . • DNA • RNA – m. RNA – r. RNA – t. RNA • Proteins

DNA • Function • Structure • Components (parts) – 4 important parts that work together to make a sequence!

• In DNA – A pairs with T – C pairs with G TOP STRAND BOTTOM STRAND CTG ATG CCG ATC GAC TAC GGC TAG

So what is a mutation? • Sequence of DNA is SUPER important • If the sequence is messed up, the protein made from that gene can also be messed up! • MUTATION = change in the DNA sequence BOTTOM STRAND CTG ATG CCG ATC GAC TAC GGC TAG TOP STRAND BOTTOM STRAND CTA ATG CCT ATC GAT TAC GGA TAG TOP STRAND

DNA electropherogram

RNA • Function • Structure • Components (parts) – 4 important parts that work together to make a sequence!

• In RNA – Nucleotides do not pair • But RNA does not have thymine (T) – Has Uracil (U) instead

m. RNA t. RNA r. RNA

Proteins • Function • Structure • Components (parts)

Amino acids

Today’s handouts • 1 - Computer simulation homework due TUESDAY, MARCH 29 • 2 - The Hot Zone questions due FRIDAY, APRIL 8 • 3 - Extra credit pedigree analysis due MONDAY, MARCH 28