TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS EXAMPLES OF TPS In this

TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS EXAMPLES OF TPS In this section, we examine the: components of a TPS • the examples of real-time transaction processing • batch transaction processing • Examples of TPS 1

The components of a TPS Types of TPS: Reservation system POS Library system Environment These are all examples of real-time processing Data/information Participants Users Information technology Examples of TPS 2

Components of a reservation TPS Environment staff of travel agents and the customer suppliers: - airlines car rental companies and hoteliers the flow of information the hardware and software. Examples of TPS 3

Components of a reservation TPS Data/information The customer’s details Approval of EFTPOS transaction Reservation and ticketing information Examples of TPS 4

Components of a reservation TPS Participants and users Reservation clerks at travel agent and airport clerks are participants Passengers are users when they receive their tickets and boarding pass Consumers become participants in a real-time process when they make a Internet reservation or swipe their credit/debit card and entering their PIN. Examples of TPS 5

Components of a reservation TPS Information technology Hardware: many airlines and travel agents are linked via a networks (WAN’s, LAN’s Intranets). Reservation systems are also linked to hotel and car rental system. Customer users Internet to make reservation. Travel agent enters customer details via keyboard. Luggage are scanned using scanners. EFTPOS terminals at travel agents to make payment. Software: reservation system software and Network software. customers use internet and E-mail software. DBMS that store customer and flight details. Examples of TPS 6

System flowchart for a reservation system Making a reservation BEGIN Reservation Enquiry Display results Search database Database END Examples of TPS 7

Data flow diagram for a Reservation system Examples of TPS 8

Data flow diagram for a Reservation system Examples of TPS 9

The components of a POS TPS Purpose To sell goods and services and provide current sales and stock information Environment Data/information Customers and staff Suppliers Barcodes Product details Receipt Date of transaction Participants/users Store staff IT staff Users: customers • Information Processes – Scan product – Search databases – Update inventory – Display product information – Print receipt… • Information Technology • POS terminal • Central computer • Barcode reader • Product database • POS software Examples of TPS 10

Purpose –To sell goods and services and provide current sales and stock information Information Processes Scan product Search database Display product info. Print receipt Participants Store staff IT personnel Suppliers Data/information Barcodes Product details Receipt Examples of TPS Update inventory Information Technology POS terminal Central computer Barcode reader POS system software 11

System flowchart for a POS Start Barcodes Display prices Payment Receipt Search DB Database Update inventory Inventory Process payment Accounts Finish Examples of TPS 12

Data flow diagram for a POS Scanned barcodes Display prices Search DB Update Inventory Database Inventory Receipt Process payment Payment Accounts Examples of TPS 13

• Purpose The components of a library loan TPS • Information Processes: • Scanned barcodes, card readers • Database of book categories • Borrowing patterns • Display and print book details • Process overdue items • Search network • To keep of items borrowed from the library • Environment • Suppliers, borrowers, staff and network • Data/information • Borrowers and book details, overdue lists, inventory. • Information technology • Barcodes and scanners • Barcode readers • Computer network • Database software • Library software • Scanner and search software • Security hardware and software • Participants/users • Library staff • Borrowers are users • IT personnel Each transaction is completed in real-time Examples of TPS 14

Purpose –To keep track of items borrowed from the library Information Processes Scans barcodes Print accounts Search database Update database Display book info. Participants Data/information Library staff IT personnel Suppliers Barcodes Book details Borrower details Inventories Examples of TPS Process book info. and borrowers info. Transmit via network Information Technology Barcodes readers Computer network Terminals for searching Library loan software 15

Front office and back office • Back office functions Front office functions: functions Enquiries about room availability and pricing Make the reservation and receive confirmation Perform cancellations Take up reservation on arrival Close account and provide invoice Front office functions are process in real-time (Front office is usually off-line when back office functions occurs) – Night audit takes place using batch processing – Backing up the database – Posting complete occupancy settlement transactions to ledger – Execute periodic reports Back office takes place after hours during quite business period. Examples of TPS 16

Examples of batch transaction processing Cheque clearance When a cheque is deposited into an account the money cannot be with drawn until the cheque has been cleared. Cheque clearance usually takes three working days Cheques are cleared as a group during the bank’s quiet period of the day. Cheque clearance involves batch processing. Examples of TPS 17

Batch Processing Examples of TPS 18

Examples of batch transaction processing Bill generation Bills are generated at a scheduled time User can manage his/her time effectively Less disruption to main database. Is not done immediately but as a group (batch) Examples of TPS 19

Examples of batch transaction processing Credit card sales transactions Transactions are done at POS terminals and on multi-page credit slip in three fold. The shop owner sends slips to the bank as a group (batch) POS credit card transactions are not process immediately but are stored for later processing. Credit card transactions are processed as a batch. Output to customer at POS terminal is real-time. Actual updating is processed in a batch. Examples of TPS 20

Credit Card: EFTPOS … swipes credit card using card reader. Card reader transmit card details to customer’s bank account. Bank verifies credit card and customer’s account status- transmit details to POS. Sales request customer to sign credit card receipt. Signature is validated against the credit card signature. Sales person completes transaction by handing over credit card, receipt and goods purchased. Examples of TPS 21

Credit Card: - impression method Customer hands over card to S_Person makes an impression of the card using carbonized credit card slips. Customer signs carbonized copies. Customer receives one copy from S_Person One copy is sent to the bank. All credit slips received by the bank will be batched processed at a later time. Examples of TPS 22

The end of Examples of TPS After studying this unit you should be able to: Describe the components of a TPS Identify and discuss the examples of real-time transactions and batch processing Examples of TPS 23