Transaction Processing Systems A transaction is a record

Transaction Processing Systems A transaction is a record of an event that signifies a business exchange A transaction processing system is a basic business system that support the functions of • Recording • Monitoring • Evaluating the basic activities of the business

Fig. 13. 1 Transaction Processing Systems

Examples of basic manufacturing/production systems are: y materials purchasing y receiving y shipping y process control y numerical control y equipment y quality control y labor costing y robotic systems

Examples of basic sales/marketing systems are: y sales y telemarketing y order processing y point-of-sales systems y credit authorization

Figure 13. 4 Amazon. com Order Processing System

Examples of basic finance/accounting systems are: y accounts receivable y accounts payable y general ledger y payroll y cash management y loan processing y check processing y securities trading

Examples of basic human resource systems are: y personnel record keeping y applicants tracking y positions listing y training and skills y benefits

Questions to ask • • Where does the system obtain its data? What does the system do with the data? What problems does the system solve? What differences does the system make?

Office Automation Systems • Data work: use, manipulate, or disseminate information • Knowledge work: create new information using judgment & creativity – Discipline/Principle/Profession/Certification • Office work: coordinate & integrate workers from different functional areas

An office automation system is any application of information technology that increases the productivity of office workers l document management l word processing l desktop publishing l electronic communications l electronic scheduling l data management l project management

Figure 16. 2 Four Functions of Management

Figure 16. 4 Manager’s Time

3 roles of a manager 1. Interpersonal – figurehead, leader, liaison 2. Informational – monitor, spokesperson, disseminator 3. Decisional – entrepreneur, mediator, resource allocator, negotiator

Management Support Systems • MIS: summarize & report on the basic operations of a company • DSS: provide data & models interactively to support semi-structured problem solving • EIS: provide data from both internal & external sources to support unstructured problem solving

Figure 16. 5 An MIS

Figure 16. 7 An DSS

Figure 16. 9 An ESS

Artificial Intelligence: the study of how to make computers to do things that require some level of intelligence: • Learn/understand from experience • Acquire & retain knowledge • Respond quickly & successfully to new situations • Solve problems

Expert Systems • Solve problems that require expertise • Use facts and reasoning (rules of thumb) • Explain what it knows and its reasoning process 3 components: • Knowledge base • Inference engine • User interface