Training Development and Organizational Learning 1 Training Development

Training, Development, and Organizational Learning 1

Training, Development, and Organizational Learning ØPurposes of Training & Development ØLearning Theory & Employee Training ØDesigning Effective Training Systems Ø Assessing Training Needs Ø Setting Training Goals Ø Designing Training Programs Ø Techniques & Methods Ø Implementing Training Programs Ø Evaluating Training Programs ØManagement Development ØOrganizational Development & Organizational Learning 2

Purposes of Training and Development l Employee training n l A planned attempt by an organization to facilitate employee learning of job-related knowledge, skills, and behaviors Development n Teaching managers and professionals the skills needed for both present and future jobs 3

Learning Theory and Employee Training l Learning n l A relatively permanent change in behavior or behavioral potential that results from direct or indirect experience Learning organization n An organization whose employees continuously attempt to learn new information and to use what they learn to improve product or service quality 4

Learning and Employee Training and Development 5

Training and Development Techniques and Methods l Work-based programs n n n Tie the training and development activities directly to the performance of the task On-the-job training u. Having employees learn their job while they are actually performing it Apprenticeship u. A combination of on-the-job and classroom instruction 11

Training and Development Techniques and Methods (cont’d) l Work-based programs (cont’d) n n Vestibule training(模擬訓練) u. A work-simulation situation in which the job is performed under a condition that closely simulates the real work environment Systematic job rotation and transfer u. Systematically rotating or transferring the employee from one job to another 12

Training and Development Techniques and Methods (cont’d) l Instructional-based programs n n n Approach training and development from a teaching and learning perspective Lecture or discussion approach u. A trainer presents the material to those attending the program in a descriptive fashion Computer-assisted instruction u. A trainee sits at a personal computer and operates software that has been developed specifically to impart certain information to the individual 13

Training and Development Techniques and Methods (cont’d) l Instructional-based programs (cont’d) n Programmed instruction u. The material to be learned is prepared in a manual or training booklet, which the individual studies at his or her pace 14

Computer-assisted instruction Video teleconferencing Training Technology Interactive videos Team-building and group-based methods 15

Management Development l l l Rather than attending a single training program, managers may need to participate in different programs that span a long time. Management development may be subject to different opportunities and limitations regarding materials, training methods, and modes of instruction. The learner may need to be an active participant in a development program. 27

Special Techniques for Management Development l In-basket exercise n l The trainee must play the role of manager in dealing with a hypothetical in-basket of letters, memos, reports, phone messages, and e-mail messages. Leaderless group exercise n A group of trainees are placed together in a group setting and told to make a decision or solve a problem. 28

Organizational Development l An effort that is planned systemwide and managed from the top of the organization to increase the organization’s overall performance through planned interventions n n Relies heavily on behavioral science technology Techniques: diagnostic OD, survey feedback OD, thirdparty peacemaking, process consultation 29

Organizational Learning l The process by which an organization “learns” from past mistakes and adapts to its environment n n l Begins with individual learning and change Depends on social processes and sharing Organizational memory n The collective, institutional record of past events 30