Trained technicians from Syria Civil Defence White Helmets

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Trained technicians from Syria Civil Defence (“White Helmets”) conduct a visual surface search in

Trained technicians from Syria Civil Defence (“White Helmets”) conduct a visual surface search in Idlib governorate to identify and mark unexploded submunitions and other explosive remnants of war for subsequent clearance. An unexploded Sh. OAB-0. 5 submunition from an airdropped RBK-500 cluster bomb is visible in the foreground © Syria Civil Defence, June 2017

Cluster Munition Monitor 2017 Main sections: • Cluster Munition Ban Policy • Contamination and

Cluster Munition Monitor 2017 Main sections: • Cluster Munition Ban Policy • Contamination and Clearance • Casualties • Victim Assistance Dr. Robert “Bob” Mtonga, member of the Governance Board of the ICBL-CMC passed away in March 2017. The Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor team wishes to pay tribute to him and acknowledge the important contributions he has made to a world free of cluster © ICBL-CMC, September 2016

Convention on Cluster Munitions 102 States Parties. 17 signatories. 2 new States Parties in

Convention on Cluster Munitions 102 States Parties. 17 signatories. 2 new States Parties in the past year – Benin and Madagascar.

Cluster Munition Use © Syria Civil Defence, June 2017

Cluster Munition Use © Syria Civil Defence, June 2017

Cluster Munition Use in Syrian government forces have used at least 13 types of

Cluster Munition Use in Syrian government forces have used at least 13 types of airdropped and ground-launched cluster munitions from July 2012 until July 2017. During that period there were at least 600 cluster munition attacks in 12 of Syria’s 14 governorates, but the actual number is likely far higher as many attacks are not recorded. Russia did not explicitly admit or deny its involvement in cluster munition use in Syria, but there is compelling evidence that it is using them since beginning its joint military operation with Syrian government forces on 30 September 2015 against opposition-held areas.

Cluster Munition Use in Yemen The Saudi Arabia-led coalition operating in Yemen since 25

Cluster Munition Use in Yemen The Saudi Arabia-led coalition operating in Yemen since 25 March 2015 against Ansar Allah (the Houthi) has used air-dropped and ground-launched cluster munitions. In the second half of 2016 and first half of 2017, fewer instances of cluster munition use were recorded compared to the previous year. The United Arab Emirates has denied using cluster munitions, while Saudi Arabia admitted in December 2016 to using UKproduced cluster munitions in Yemen, stating that the coalition would no longer use them.

Cluster Munition Use Elsewhere Evidence continues to emerge that the Libyan National Army used

Cluster Munition Use Elsewhere Evidence continues to emerge that the Libyan National Army used cluster munitions in 2016 and the first half of 2017. The Monitor was not able to independently verify reported evidence and therefore cannot confirm cluster munition use. There was one report of IS forces using cluster munition rockets in Iraq in February 2017. The Monitor could not independently verify reported evidence and therefore cannot confirm cluster munition use.

Stockpiling of Cluster Munitions 41 States Parties have stockpiled cluster munitions at some point.

Stockpiling of Cluster Munitions 41 States Parties have stockpiled cluster munitions at some point. 28 have completed destruction of their stockpiled cluster munitions.

Stockpile Destruction States Parties have collectively destroyed nearly 1. 4 million cluster munitions containing

Stockpile Destruction States Parties have collectively destroyed nearly 1. 4 million cluster munitions containing more than 175 million submunitions. This represents the destruction of 97% of the total stockpile of cluster munitions and 98% of the total number of submunitions declared by States Parties. In 2016, three States Parties destroyed 56, 171 cluster munitions and nearly 2. 8 million submunitions. No State Party completed stockpile destruction in the second half of 2016 or the first half of 2017. France completed its stockpile destruction in June 2016.

Production 19 states have ceased the production— 18 States Parties, one signatory In August

Production 19 states have ceased the production— 18 States Parties, one signatory In August 2016, US manufacturer Textron Systems announced it is stopping cluster munition production.

Retention and Transparency Most States Parties do not retain cluster munitions and submunitions for

Retention and Transparency Most States Parties do not retain cluster munitions and submunitions for training and development purposes. 11 States Parties—all from Europe—are retaining cluster munitions for training and research purposes. A total of 82 States Parties have submitted an initial transparency report for the convention, representing 82% of States Parties for which the obligation applied at that time.

National Legislation and Interpretive Issues National implementing legislation: 27 States Parties have enacted; at

National Legislation and Interpretive Issues National implementing legislation: 27 States Parties have enacted; at least 24 are in the process of doing so; and at least 32 have indicated existing laws are sufficient. Assistance with prohibited acts/joint military operations: at least 37 States Parties and signatories share view that any intentional assistance prohibited; four States Parties take alternate view. Transit and foreign stockpiling: at least 33 states have said prohibited; seven States Parties take alternate view. Investment in production of cluster munitions: 10 States Parties have enacted legislation; at least 28 States Parties and signatories have provided view that it is prohibited.

Cluster Munition Contamination 26 countries and 3 other areas contaminated: • 12 States Parties

Cluster Munition Contamination 26 countries and 3 other areas contaminated: • 12 States Parties • 1 Signatory • 13 Nonsignatories

Cluster Munition Contamination

Cluster Munition Contamination

Cluster Munition Clearance In 2016, at least 88 km 2 of contaminated land was

Cluster Munition Clearance In 2016, at least 88 km 2 of contaminated land was cleared, with a total of at least 140, 000 submunitions destroyed during survey and clearance operations. © Kimberly Mc. Cosker/NPA, March 2017 State Party Mozambique reported completion of clearance in December 2016. Conflict and insecurity impedes survey and clearance in many countries.

Cluster Munition Casualties During 2016, the highest number of casualties were recorded in: •

Cluster Munition Casualties During 2016, the highest number of casualties were recorded in: • Syria (860) • Lao PDR (51) • Yemen (38) 857 people were killed or injured during attacks – 114 due to remnants

Casualties 2009 -2016

Casualties 2009 -2016

Casualties – 2016 Demographics

Casualties – 2016 Demographics

Victim Assistance States Parties (14) committed to improving assistance by 2020 as part of

Victim Assistance States Parties (14) committed to improving assistance by 2020 as part of the Dubrovnik Action Plan. Inadequate resources impeded availability of services.

Additional Resources Country profiles Factsheets & Reports Interactive maps Monitor website Cluster Munition Coalition

Additional Resources Country profiles Factsheets & Reports Interactive maps Monitor website Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC) website www. stopclustermunitions. org

Thank you! Visit us: www. the-monitor. org monitor 2@icblcmc. org @Mine. Monitor @banclusterbombs The

Thank you! Visit us: www. the-monitor. org monitor 2@icblcmc. org @Mine. Monitor @banclusterbombs The Monitor gratefully acknowledges financial contributors to our research, including the Federal Republic of Germany for their generous support of launch briefings.