Traffic Highway Engineering Fourth Edition SI Nicholas J

Traffic & Highway Engineering Fourth Edition, SI Nicholas J. Garber Lester A. Hoel 2010

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations

Chapter 2 l Transportation System & Organization l Developing a Transportation System l Modes of Transportation l Transportation Organization

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations SUMMARY The transportation system in a developed nation consists of a network of modes that have evolved over many years. l The system consists of vehicles, guide ways, terminal facilities, and control systems; l these operate according to established procedures and schedules in the air, on land, and on water. l The system also requires interaction with the user, the operator, and the environment. l

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations SUMMARY The passenger or shipper thinks of each mode in terms of the level of service provided. l Each mode offers a unique set of service characteristics at a given price: travel time, frequency, comfort, convenience, reliability, and safety. l The traveler or shipper selects the mode based on how these attributes are valued. l

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations 2. 1. 1 Comparative Advantages of Transportation Modes Students are requested to read this topic and to discuss it in the next lecture

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations l Example 2. 1 Selecting a Transportation Mode (p 29) An individual is planning to take a trip between the downtown area of two cities, A and B, which are 400 km apart. There are three options available: l. Travel by air. This trip will involve driving to the airport near city A, parking, waiting at the terminal, flying to airport B, walking to a taxi stand, and taking a taxi to the final destination.

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations l Example 2. 1 Selecting a Transportation Mode (continued) l. Travel by auto. This trip will involve driving 400 km through several congested areas, parking in the downtown area, and walking to the final destination. l. Travel by rail. This trip will involve taking a cab to the railroad station in city A, a direct rail connection to the downtown area in city B, and a short walk to the final destination.

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations l Example 2. 1 Selecting a Transportation Mode (continued) l. It is a business trip l. The traveler is willing to pay $25 for each hour of travel time reduced l. Mode cost $ time (hours) l. Air 250 5 l. Auto 200 8 l. Rail 150 12 l. Which mode is selected based on travel time and cost factors alone? l. What other factors might be considered?

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations 2. 2 MODES OF TRANSPORTATION 2. 2. 1 Freight and Passenger Traffic Intercity freight transportation Principal mode: l l Highways (truck) Railroads Water pipelines

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations 2. 2 MODES OF TRANSPORTATION Intercity passenger transportation Principal mode: l l Highways (automobile) Air Transit (bus) Railroads

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations SUMMARY l l l The evolved transportation system has produced a variety of modes that complement each other. Intercity passenger travel often involves auto and air modes; intercity freight travel involves pipeline, water, rail, and trucking. Urban passenger travel involves auto or public transit; urban freight is primarily by truck.

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations The principal carriers of freight are rail, truck, pipeline, and water. l Passenger transportation is by auto, air, rail, and bus. l Highway transportation is the dominant mode in passenger travel. l The United States highway system comprises 6. 3 million km of roadway. l

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations 2. 2. 2 Public Transportation Transit services available to urban and rural residents Transit modes: Mass transit (buses, light rail, rapid transit) Paratransit (taxi, car rental, dial-a-ride. . ) Ridesharing (carpool, vanpool, share-ride taxi)

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations Do people prefer to use public transportation? q distance from bus stops q long waits at bus stops q changing buses q long journey time q inconvenience on bus

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations 2. 2. 3 Highway Transportation l Highway transportation is the dominant mode in passenger travel and one of the principal freight modes.

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations 2. 2. 3 Highway Transportation l The Highway Project Development Process 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. l Planning Design Environment Right-of-Way Construction (6 to 24 months) (15 to 24 months (9 to 36 months) (6 to 21 months) (12 to 36 months) Thus, total project time can range from 4 to 12 years, depending on the physical characteristics, scope, and community support for the project.

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations Six-step process for transportation projects: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Select Project Investigate Alternates Obtain Final Approval Develop Project Design Prepare for Construction Construct the Project

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations Cost of highways…. . Estimate the cost of building 1 km length of a 30 m wide road. Sources of Funds for Highways 1. 2. 3. Highway users (direct taxes) Property owners Government (general taxes)

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations Figure 2. 7 Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations Figure 2. 8 National Highway System

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations

Chapter 2 Transportation Systems and Organizations Transportation Organizations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Private Transportation Companies Regulatory Agencies Federal Agencies State and Local Agencies and Authorities Trade Associations Professional Societies Users of Transport Services