Traditional Medicine Drug Discovery Traditional Medicine and Drug

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Traditional Medicine & Drug Discovery

Traditional Medicine & Drug Discovery

Traditional Medicine and Drug Discovery* • 80% of the world population resides in developing

Traditional Medicine and Drug Discovery* • 80% of the world population resides in developing countries • 80% of people in developing countries utilize plants to meet their primary health care needs • Global pop. ca. 6. 3 billion – ca. 4 billion people utilize plants to meet their primary health care needs *Farnsworth NR, et al. Medicinal Plants in Therapy. Bull. W. H. O. 63: 965 -981 (1985)

I. Medicinal Plants 1. Approximately 25% of today’s prescription drugs come from plant extracts

I. Medicinal Plants 1. Approximately 25% of today’s prescription drugs come from plant extracts 2. Only about 15% of the known plant species have been screened for medicinal purposes. 3. Most medicinal plants come from the Tropics.

Medicinal Plants in the Tropics Most medicinal plants have been identified by the indigenous

Medicinal Plants in the Tropics Most medicinal plants have been identified by the indigenous people by trial and error. 50% of the 250, 000 plant species are from the Tropics. At least 10, 000 species in the Tropics have not yet been identified.

National Cancer Institute (NCI) Plant Collection Program (1986 -1991) 10, 000 plant samples collected

National Cancer Institute (NCI) Plant Collection Program (1986 -1991) 10, 000 plant samples collected for screening against HIV and cancer 2500 species and 200 families Of the 3000 extracts analyzed, 170 contained agents active against HIV 776 fully identified species, 106 had active agents. 62 were previously known as medicinal plants. 44 were entirely new.

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) Complex of phytomedicinals from the leaves Improves blood flow Improves memory

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) Complex of phytomedicinals from the leaves Improves blood flow Improves memory in older people Effective free-radical scavenger Side effects are restlessness, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting

Echinacea (Echinacea species) Extracts from shoot, root and rhizome Acts as immunostimulant Speeds up

Echinacea (Echinacea species) Extracts from shoot, root and rhizome Acts as immunostimulant Speeds up cycle of cold virus and flus NOT preventative.

Ginseng (Panax ginseng, P. quinquefolium, Elutherococcus senticocus) Mixture of compounds from root Traditional Chinese

Ginseng (Panax ginseng, P. quinquefolium, Elutherococcus senticocus) Mixture of compounds from root Traditional Chinese medicine for 5000 years Increases Speeds stress tolerance up metabolism Anti-carcinogenic No known side-effects

Garli c (Allium sativum) Onion (Allium cepa) Organo-sulfur compounds from leaves Anti-carcinogenic and anti-microbial

Garli c (Allium sativum) Onion (Allium cepa) Organo-sulfur compounds from leaves Anti-carcinogenic and anti-microbial Anti-atherosclerosis and anti-hypertensive Toxic in high amounts

Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Polyphenols anti-cancer from leaves inhibiting tumor initiation and cell proliferation

Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Polyphenols anti-cancer from leaves inhibiting tumor initiation and cell proliferation anti-oxidant

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) from the rhizome Over 12 compounds with anti-oxidant activities greater than

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) from the rhizome Over 12 compounds with anti-oxidant activities greater than vitamin E anti-tumor anti-emetic vomiting) (inhibits

PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS • Analgesics: Aspirin: Salix species/Europe • Morphine, Codeine; Papaver somniferum/ Mesopotamia (Iran,

PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS • Analgesics: Aspirin: Salix species/Europe • Morphine, Codeine; Papaver somniferum/ Mesopotamia (Iran, Iraq) • Cardiotonic: Digitalin: Digitalis purpurea/UKEurope • Malaria: Quinine: Cinchona spp. /Amazonia Artemsinin: Artemisia annua/China • Antihypertensive: Reserpine: Rauwolfia serpentina/India

Calophyllum teysmannii var. inophylloide. Sustainable source of potential anti-AIDS drug, calanolide B. Discovery from

Calophyllum teysmannii var. inophylloide. Sustainable source of potential anti-AIDS drug, calanolide B. Discovery from tree in Sarawak, Malaysia, promoted conservation and replanting of seedlings in clearcut regions, and led to establishment of the Sarawak Biodiversity Center for in-country research on drug discovery from local biodiversity D. D. Soejarto, University of Illinois at Chicago

Drug discovery and development Drug discovery and developmentDrug discovery and development Drug discovery and development
Drug discovery and development Drug discovery and developmentDrug discovery and development Drug discovery and development
Scientific PreClinical Drug Discovery Chidozie Orji Drug DiscoveryScientific PreClinical Drug Discovery Chidozie Orji Drug Discovery
Discovery Service Discovery servicePreindexed metadata Discovery ServiceFederated searchDiscoveryDiscovery Service Discovery servicePreindexed metadata Discovery ServiceFederated searchDiscovery
Discovery Groups Discovery Groups Leading a Discovery GroupDiscovery Groups Discovery Groups Leading a Discovery Group
Makeup Discovery Discovery scope of discovery Old versionMakeup Discovery Discovery scope of discovery Old version
Literature Genres Traditional Traditional Often a traditional storyLiterature Genres Traditional Traditional Often a traditional story
Literature Genres Traditional Traditional Often a traditional storyLiterature Genres Traditional Traditional Often a traditional story
SPANISH TRADITIONAL COSTUMES SPANISH TRADITIONAL COSTUMES The traditionalSPANISH TRADITIONAL COSTUMES SPANISH TRADITIONAL COSTUMES The traditional
An Introduction to Traditional Tales Traditional Tales TraditionalAn Introduction to Traditional Tales Traditional Tales Traditional
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Traditional Vs Authentic Assessment Traditional Assessment Definition TraditionalTraditional Vs Authentic Assessment Traditional Assessment Definition Traditional
Discovery Program at Northwestern Medicine Program Overview DiscoveryDiscovery Program at Northwestern Medicine Program Overview Discovery