Trade in North America Mercantilism Columbian Exchange Triangular

Trade in North America Mercantilism Columbian Exchange Triangular Trade Interdependence and more 1. 6 Discovery Education

Mercantilism was theory of trade which stated that a nation should export more than it imported and accumulate gold to make up the difference.

Mercantilist concepts developed because with the rise of powerful nation states (Holland, France, Spain and England) there was almost constant warfare. Money was needed to support everexpanding armies and navies. Mercantilist concepts developed from this need.

Mercantilism Theory was the belief that if one nation hoped to grow richer, it had to do so at the expense of some other nation. • The development of colonies became very attractive during this time. • Wealth could be kept by a nation if its colonies provided raw materials to the mother country and the mother country could sell finished goods to the colonies. •

England In England the application of mercantilist theory led to the development of a skilled labor force in England the creation of a large navy and merchant marine. However, mercantilism also led to inflation and alienation in the colonies. England put into practice this theory through what is known as the Navigation Acts

Navigation Acts 1650’s Under the acts/laws, trade with the colonies was to be conducted only in English or colonial ships. • Sugar, tobacco and indigo were to be shipped only to England. • Trade/goods destined for other nations had to go first to England. • Some of the legislation was designed to protect colonial interests. For example, tobacco production in England was prohibited, leaving the colonies as the sole source of that lucrative product. •

Mercantilism Raw Materials Such as gold, cotton, timber Colonies Can trade only with the home country Home Country Trades to acquire wealth Manufactured Goods Such as clothing furniture

Columbian Exchange The transfer of people, products, and ideas between the hemispheres Both Positive and Negative effects on the Americas

Columbian Exchange From Western Hemisphere to Eastern • • • • Maize (corn) Potato Sweet potato Beans Peanut Squash Pumpkin Pineapple Tomato Cocoa Peppers Avocado turkey From Eastern Hemisphere to Western • • • • Wheat Rice Banana Peach Pear Sugar cane Watermelon Lettuce Horse Cow Sheep Goat Chicken Pig Diseases (smallpox, typhus, chickenpox, measles)

Encomienda land granted to Spanish settlers that included the right to demand labor or taxes from Native Americans. It was a system that the Spanish used to try to control Native Americans and a form of slavery.

Triangular Trade Routes A series of transatlantic trade routes that— when plotted on a map —roughly resembled triangles. Traders used one of these trade routes to ship enslaved Africans to the Americas.

Triangular Trade Routes cont. The triangular trade was a series of transatlantic trade routes that— when plotted on a map—roughly resembled triangles. Traders used one of these trade routes to ship enslaved Africans to the Americas. Typically a ship full of manufactured goods would set sail from a European port headed for the west coast of Africa. There, traders would exchange their goods for enslaved Africans and set sail for the West Indies, where they would exchange the enslaved Africans for sugar and tobacco. Then the traders returned to Europe to sell their newly acquired goods and items.

The Middle Passage The slave ship Brooks The Middle Passage was perhaps the most well-known part of the voyage. This was the trip from Africa to the West Indies, the middle of the trade triangle. Enslaved Africans were packed into the holds of ships to the point where movement was virtually impossible. Beatings and other abuse were common. Some were so traumatized that they committed suicide by plunging into the icy waters of the Atlantic.

Interdependence occurs when people or countries depend on someone else to provide the goods and services they consume. The more people specialize and trade, the more interdependent they become.

Interdependence Early on we were interdependent with other nations.