Toxic and Hazardous Substances l 1910 Subpart Z

Toxic and Hazardous Substances l 1910 Subpart Z Presented by: ETTA, OSH Division, 919 -807 -2875 This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Objectives l Identify toxic and hazardous substances l Identify where to find toxicological information l Recognize what a PEL is and how it differs from a TLV, REL, IDLH l Become comfortable with the information contained in 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z l 1910. 1000 – Air contaminants l 1910. 1001 – Asbestos l 1910. 1002 – Coal tar pitch volatiles l 1910. 1003 – 13 Carcinogens (4 -Nitrobiphenyl, etc. ) l 1910. 1004 – alpha-Naphthylamine l 1910. 1006 – Methyl chloromethyl ether l 1910. 1007 – 3, '-Dichlorobenzidine l 1910. 1008 – bis-Chloromethyl ether l 1910. 1009 – beta-Naphthylamine This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z l 1910. 1010 – Benzidine l 1910. 1011 – 4 -Aminodiphenyl l 1910. 1012 – Ethyleneimine l 1910. 1013 – beta-Propiolactone l 1910. 1014 – 2 -Acetylaminofluorene l 1910. 1015 – 4 -Dimethylaminoazobenzene l 1910. 1016 – N-Nitrosodimethylamine l 1910. 1017 – Vinyl chloride l 1910. 1018 – Inorganic arsenic This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z l 1910. 1020 – Access to employee exposure and medical records l 1910. 1024 - Beryllium l 1910. 1025 – Lead l 1910. 1026 – Chromium (VI) l 1910. 1027 – Cadmium l 1910. 1028 – Benzene l 1910. 1029 – Coke oven emissions l 1910. 1030 – Bloodborne pathogens l 1910. 1043 – Cotton dust l 1910. 1044 – 1, 2 -dibromo-3 -chloropropane This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z l 1910. 1045 – Acrylonitrile l 1910. 1047 – Ethylene oxide l 1910. 1048 – Formaldehyde l 1910. 1050 – Methylenedianiline l 1910. 1051 – 1, 3 -Butadiene l 1910. 1052 – Methylene chloride l 1910. 1053 – Respirable Crystalline Silica l 1910. 1096 – Ionizing radiation l 1910. 1200 – Hazard communication l 1910. 1201 – Retention of DOT markings, placards and labels l 1910. 1450 – Hazardous chemicals in laboratories This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Toxic and Hazardous Substances l Chemicals present in the workplace in various forms and which exert health effects l Examples include: - Dusts - Mists - Fumes - Mixtures - Vapors This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Health Hazard Definition 1910. 1200 l Chemical that poses one of the following effects: - Acute toxicity (any route of exposure) - Skin corrosion or irritation - Serious eye damage or eye irritation - Respiratory or skin sensitization - Germ cell mutagenicity - Carcinogenicity - Reproductive toxicity - Specific target organ toxicity (single or repeated exposure) - Aspiration hazard This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Routes of Exposure l Three major routes: - Skin (dermal absorption) - Respiratory tract (inhalation) - Digestive tract (ingestion) l Additional routes: - Eyes - Mucous membranes - Injection (parenteral) This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Toxicological Information Resources l OSHA – Chemical Sampling Information l NIOSH – Pocket Guide l CDC – Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry l SDS – Safety Data Sheet This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Terminology This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) l For chemical exposures, it is the maximum airborne concentration an employee may be exposed to for a particular time period l Are regulatory limits enforced by OSHA l Based on an 8 -hour time weighted average (TWA) exposure l May contain a skin designation This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Permissible Exposure Limit l In addition to chemical exposures, there are PELs for many physical hazards such as: - Noise - Non-ionizing radiation l Currently, there are no PELs for biological hazards (such as mold and bacteria) This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Occupational Exposure Guidelines l TLV – Threshold Limit Value - Established by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) l REL – Recommended Exposure Limit - Established by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) l WEEL – Workplace Environmental Exposure Level - Established by American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Occupational Exposure Guidelines l IDLH – Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health - A situation “that poses a threat of exposure to airborne contaminants when that exposure is likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from such an environment” - An IDLH is established to “ensure that the worker can escape from a given contaminated environment in the event of failure of the respiratory protection equipment” This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Averaging Time l PELs for chemicals are subclassified by their averaging time, which is referred to as the time weighted average - 8 -hour time weighted average (typically denoted TWA) - 15 -minute TWA (typically denoted as a Short Term Exposure Limit or STEL) - Instantaneous or no averaging time (typically denoted as the Ceiling) This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

29 CFR 1910. 1000 l Air Contaminants This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

29 CFR 1910. 1000 l An employee’s exposure to any substance listed in Tables Z-1, Z-2, or Z-3 of this section (1910. 1000) shall be limited in accordance with the requirements of this section - Table Z-1 Limits for Air Contaminants - Table Z-2 - Table Z-3 Mineral Dusts This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Table Z-1 – Limits for Air Contaminants Substance CAS No. ppm mg/m 3 Acetone 67 -64 -1 1000 2400 Chlorine 7782 -50 -5 (C)1 (C)3 Nicotine 54 -11 -5 0. 5 Skin designation X This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Table Z-1 – Limits for Air Contaminants Substance CAS No. ppm mg/m 3 Acetone 67 -64 -1 1000 2400 Chlorine 7782 -50 -5 (C)1 (C)3 Nicotine 54 -11 -5 Skin designation 0. 5 X l Substance: - Many substances have multiple synonyms - Synonyms for acetone: Dimethyl ketone, Ketone propane, 2 -Propanone This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Table Z-1 – Limits for Air Contaminants Substance CAS No. ppm mg/m 3 Acetone 67 -64 -1 1000 2400 Chlorine 7782 -50 -5 (C)1 (C)3 Nicotine 54 -11 -5 0. 5 Skin designation X l Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: - Unique identifier - Used in many resources, including: - OSHA’s Chemical Sampling Information - NIOSH Pocket Guide This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Table Z-1 – Limits for Air Contaminants Substance CAS No. ppm mg/m 3 Acetone 67 -64 -1 1000 2400 Chlorine 7782 -50 -5 (C)1 (C)3 Nicotine 54 -11 -5 0. 5 Skin designation X l Parts per million (ppm): Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume l PELs are 8 -hour TWAs unless otherwise noted This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Table Z-1 – Limits for Air Contaminants Substance CAS No. ppm mg/m 3 Acetone 67 -64 -1 1000 2400 Chlorine 7782 -50 -5 (C)1 (C)3 Nicotine 54 -11 -5 Skin designation 0. 5 X l Milligrams of substance per cubic meter of air (mg/m 3) - Exact when entry is only in this column - Approximate when listed along with a ppm entry l PELs are 8 -hour TWAs unless otherwise noted This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Table Z-1 – Limits for Air Contaminants Substance CAS No. ppm mg/m 3 Acetone 67 -64 -1 1000 2400 Chlorine 7782 -50 -5 (C)1 (C)3 Nicotine 54 -11 -5 0. 5 Skin designation X l An entry in this column indicates the substance may be absorbed through the skin l To avoid exceeding the PEL, cutaneous absorption should also be prevented This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Table Z-1 – Limits for Air Contaminants Substance CAS No. ppm mg/m 3 Acetone 67 -64 -1 1000 2400 Chlorine 7782 -50 -5 (C)1 (C)3 Nicotine 54 -11 -5 0. 5 Skin designation X l Ceiling values “C” – employee’s exposure shall at no time exceed the exposure limit l If instantaneous monitoring is not feasible, assess using 15 -minute TWA (STEL) This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Table Z-2 Acceptable max peak above Acceptable acceptable ceiling for an 8 -hr shift Substanc 8 -hour ceiling e TWA concentratio n Concentration Duration Benzene 10 ppm 25 ppm 50 10 minutes This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Table Z-2 1910. 1000(b) Acceptable max peak above Acceptable acceptable ceiling for an 8 -hr shift Substanc 8 -hour ceiling e TWA concentratio n Concentration Duration Benzene 10 ppm 25 ppm 50 10 minutes l An employee’s exposure to any substance listed in Table Z-2, in any 8 -hour work shift of a 40 -hour work week, shall not exceed the 8 -hour TWA limit given for that substance in Table Z-2 This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Table Z-2 1910. 1000(b) Acceptable max peak above Acceptable acceptable ceiling for an 8 -hr shift Substanc 8 -hour ceiling e TWA concentratio n Concentration Duration Benzene 10 ppm 25 ppm 50 10 minutes l An employee’s exposure to a substance listed in Table Z-2 shall not exceed at any time during an 8 -hour shift, the acceptable ceiling concentration limit given for the substance in the table, except for a time period, and up to a concentration not exceeding the maximum duration and concentration allowed in the column under “acceptable maximum peak above the acceptable ceiling concentration for an 8 hour shift” This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Table Z-2 1910. 1000(b) Acceptable max peak above Acceptable acceptable ceiling for an 8 -hr shift Substanc 8 -hour ceiling e TWA concentratio n Concentration Duration Benzene 10 ppm 25 ppm 50 10 minutes l Example. During an 8 -hour work shift, an employee may be exposed to a concentration of Benzene (with a 10 ppm TWA, 25 ppm ceiling and 50 ppm peak) above 25 ppm (but never above 50 ppm) only for a maximum period of 10 minutes. Such exposure must be compensated by exposures to concentrations less than 10 ppm so that the cumulative exposure for the entire 8 -hour work shift does not exceed a weighted average of 10 ppm. This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Table Z-3 – Mineral Dusts Substance mppcf mg/m 3 250 %Si. O 2+5 10 mg/m 3 %Si. O 2+2 Silica Crystalline Quartz (Respirable)* Quartz (Total Dust) 30 mg/m 3 %Si. O 2+2 This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Table Z-3 – Mineral Dusts Substance mppcf mg/m 3 250 %Si. O 2+5 10 mg/m 3 %Si. O 2+2 Silica Crystaline Quartz (Respirable) Quartz (Total Dust) 30 mg/m 3 %Si. O 2+2 l mppcf – millions of particles per cubic foot of air This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Table Z-3 – Mineral Dusts Substance mppcf mg/m 3 250 %Si. O 2+5 10 mg/m 3 %Si. O 2+2 Silica Crystaline Quartz (Respirable) Quartz (Total Dust) 30 mg/m 3 %Si. O 2+2 l Percentage of crystalline silica in the formula is the amount determined from airborne samples, except in those instances in which other methods have been shown to be acceptable This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Hierarchy of Controls l Elimination l Substitution l Engineering controls - Isolation - Mechanical ventilation l Administrative controls - Housekeeping - Scheduling l Personal protective equipment This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

29 CFR 1910. 1000(e) l To achieve compliance with paragraphs (a) through (d), administrative or engineering controls must first be determined and implemented whenever feasible. l When such controls are not feasible to achieve full compliance, protective equipment or any other protective measures shall be used to keep the exposure of employees to air contaminants within the limits prescribed in this section. l Any equipment and/or technical measures used for this purpose must be approved for each particular use by a competent industrial hygienist or other technically qualified person. Whenever respirators are used, their use shall comply with 1910. 134 – Respiratory Protection. This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Expanded Health Standards l 1910. 1052 – Methylene Chloride This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Methylene Chloride l Organic solvent often used in furniture stripping and spray adhesives l Metabolized to carbon monoxide in the body - Concern about hypoxia in addition to normal central nervous system solvent effects - Possible carcinogen l Routes of exposure: - Skin - Respiratory tract (inhalation) This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Methylene Chloride Health Risks l Exposures to methylene chloride have been known to: - Affect the heart, central nervous system and liver - Irritate the eyes and skin - Increase the risk of cancer This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

1910. 1052 – Methylene Chloride a) Scope and application b) Definitions c) Permissible exposure limits d) Exposure monitoring e) Regulated areas f) Methods of compliance g) Respiratory protection h) Protective work clothing and equipment i) Hygiene facilities This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

1910. 1052 – Methylene Chloride j) Medical surveillance k) Hazard communication l) Employee information and training m) Recordkeeping n) Reserved o) Appendices - Appendix A: Substance Safety Data Sheet and Technical Guidelines for Methylene Chloride - Appendix B: Medical Surveillance for Methylene Chloride - Appendix C: Questions and Answers – Methylene Chloride Control in Furniture Stripping This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Summary l We have covered the following items during this presentation: - Toxic and hazardous substances - Where to find toxicological information - PELs and how they differ from TLVs, RELs, IDLHs - 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.

Thank You For Attending! Final Questions? This presentation was created by the N. C. Department of Labor for safety and health training.