Towards a Sustainable Energy Future Sustainable Energy Systems
Towards a Sustainable Energy Future Sustainable Energy Systems and Challenges of Energy Utilization Jinyue Yannjy@mt. luth. se Lecture 1 Course MTM 142 September 3, 2003 © J. Yan-2003 -09
Outline n n n Sustainable Development & Sustainable energy systems Energy Utilization in the world and Sweden and policy issues Challenges: Examples: from Climate change (Global system) to Humid Air Turbine (Technical components) Example: Our solutions to global climate change -- Responsive Carbon Management Advanced sustainable energy technologies 2003 -09 -Yan
Challenge ! A picture from a kid Nature and Human Society 2003 -09 -Yan
When are you going to pay now or future ? 2003 -09 -Yan
Sustainbility and sustaiable development n n n Sustainability: Refers to whether a process can be continued indefinitely without depleting the energy or material resources on which it depends. sustainable development: Development that provides people with a better life without sacrificing or depleting resources or causing environmental impacts that will undercut future generations. sustainable society. A society that functions in a way so as not to deplete energy or material resources on which it depends. 2003 -09 -Yan
Three dimensions of sustainable development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs The economy growth financial stability Energy The social welfare The environment employment social and culture 2003 -09 -Yan
Challenges to sustainable development n n n Global energy consumption: developing countries, e. g. , nearly 2 billion people lack access to electricity. could be 5 billion in 2050. Local and regional pollution from fossil fuels (developing countries) + climate change (developed countries) Security of energy supply Reform and privatisation of energy market: power energy policy-making is changing fast. Just as market, more and more issues require regional or global coordination. Improvements in energy efficiency and reductions in the cost of renewable energy sources 2003 -09 -Yan
Energy plays an important role for all above sustainable developments. We need a sustainable energy system n Sustainable Energy Systems: – improving energy efficiency – switching to environmentally less harmful fuels, such as renewable energies – the global equilibrium of energy production and consumption 2003 -09 -Yan
From Source to Service Energy Technologies are supplying the services Sources Fossil fuels n coal n oil n natural gas Renewables n Solar n Biomass n Hydro n Nuclear Energy Technologies Services n light n warm/cool n transportation n …. . . 2003 -09 -Yan
An example of energy chain from extraction to energy service 2003 -09 -Yan
Energy in the world from IEA report http: //www. iea. org/statist/keyworl d 2002/keystats. htm © J. Yan-2003 -09
Energy supply in the world by fuel (sources, IEA, 2002) 2003 -09 -Yan
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY BY REGION 2003 -09 -Yan
Energy comsumption of the world by fuel 2003 -09 -Yan
Total energy consumption by region 2003 -09 -Yan
Outlook 2020 by fuel 12 400 Mtoe (2010) 14 800 Mtoe (2010) 2003 -09 -Yan
Outlook 2020 by region 2003 -09 -Yan
Energy in Sweden http: //www. stem. se/ © J. Yan-2003 -09
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What happens in Nature when energy provides services ? A “heat engine model” n What have we paid for the services? service/ energy n Have we ever paid? n Forgot the nature? Nature (Source) resources Society wastes Nature (Sink) 2003 -09 -Yan
Climate Change ! 2003 -09 -Yan
CO 2 Emissions by fuel 2003 -09 -Yan
CO 2 emissions by region 2003 -09 -Yan
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Reason 1 - increase emissions: energy production, industrial processes and transport. The industrialised countries consequently must bear the main responsibility of reducing emissions of carbon dioxide. 2003 -09 -Yan
Reason 2: decrease carbon sink cutting down forest uisng for or built-up areas, urbanisation, roads etc 2003 -09 -Yan
Future 2003 -09 -Yan
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Who is responsible ? 2003 -09 -Yan
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Data in 1995 Note: emission right ! 2003 -09 -Yan
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Future CO 2 Stabilization Targets 2003 -09 -Yan
？？ How to manage carbon ？？ to reach the target Options focused on fossil fuels: - reduce emissions - capture emissions 2003 -09 -Yan
A New Concept: n The state of art: based on the fossil fuels. --> – it is possible to reduce emissions – but impossible to avoid emissions = reduce increasing emissions n n New idea: renewable (bioenergy) + removal technology New technical solution: Biomass (= CO 2 neutral) + capture CO 2 ==>> Negative CO 2 emission n Managing Climate Risk 2003 -09 -Yan
Advantages of Managing Climate Risk n Increase the carbon sink by increase use of biomass to substitute fossil fuels n Cost Effective CO 2 Capture Results in Science Oct 26 2001 2003 -09 -Yan
Bioenergy + CO 2 Removal carbon dioxide CO 2 biofuels energy products ashes (minerals) CO 2 removal 2003 -09 -Yan
Comparison between fossil fuel based and biomass based CO 2 capture systems 2003 -09 -Yan
Strategy implementation requires Technology Innovation © J. Yan-2003 -09
Example of Technology Innovation Humid Air Turbine (HAT Cycle) n n Parallel combination of steam and gas turbine Features – High efficiency, low cost, low NOx n Joint working teams with both industries and universities – Pre-study: 1992— 1993 – Program： 1993： ABB（Alstom), VOLVO, VATENFALL, SYDKRAFT，EL-FORSK, EL-KRAFT, KTH, LTH – 1998, first pilot plant 2003 -09 -Yan
Innovation of Energy Systems Integration of energy systems with industrial process 2003 -09 -Yan
MISTRA KAM R&D Integration of energy technologies into forest industry Efficiency and Product Improvement 2003 -09 -Yan
Future Energy Technologies Integrated and Clean Energy Plant Multiple fuel feedstock and products n Larger becomes larger n Smaller becomes smaller Distributed power generation “Personal Turbine” n 2003 -09 -Yan
Modules and Integration Feedstocks Fossil - coal - gas - oil Opportunity Feedstocks - Biomass - Municipal waste - Refinery waste Fuel Upgrading Ash/trace Elements CO 2 Gas stream CO 2 -Rich cleanup Stream Process Options Co-products Gasification Energy Combustion Conversion Heat exchange - Turbine Separation - Fuel Cells Catalysis Fuel & Chemical Synthesis Output Options Electricity Chemicals Transportation Fuels Syngas Hydrogen Steam 2003 -09 -Yan
Summary – towards a sustainable energy future n Technologies innovation n Reduce our demands for services Better quality of life with enough to meet our needs -- not our wants! = Change Life Style ! 2003 -09 -Yan
Future: Kids’ dream Reality: to be or not to be ? 2003 -09 -Yan
Thanks ! 2003 -09 -Yan
Sources: EU Energy and Transport in Figures, 2002 2003 -09 -Yan
Sources: EU Energy and Transport in Figures, 2002 2003 -09 -Yan
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About Me n n n 1989, came to Sweden 1991, Ph. D, KTH 1997, Docent, KTH 2001, Professor, LTU Research Interests: – – Advanced power generation cycles Climate change mitigation technologies Biomass energy systems Thermodynamic properties of working fluids 2003 -09 -Yan
- Slides: 64
