TOWARDS A MORE SUSTAINABLE JAKARTA Jakarta 25 July

TOWARDS A MORE SUSTAINABLE JAKARTA Jakarta 25 July 2019 Vera Revina Sari Deputy Assistant of The Governor of DKI Jakarta for Spatial Planning

Outline Profile of Jakarta Issues of Jakarta’s Efforts 22

Profile of Jakarta Seribu Islands Regency North Jakarta City West Central Jakarta City East Jakarta South City Jakarta City JAKARTA Capital City of Indonesia The Most Densely Populated Province in Indonesia 15. 68 thousand 2 inhabitants/km The centre of Indonesia economic activities with GDP of approx. Rp. 83 Trillion (~USD 5. 8 Billion) Statistics: • Land to Sea Area Ratio : 1: 10 (662 Km 2 Vs 6, 998 Km 2) • Population : 10. 2 M people • Total Traffic : 47. 5 M/day • Height Above Sea Level : 7 meters 3

Profile of Jakarta JAKARTA PROVINCE As a Metropolitan City Jakarta is surrounded by at least 5 municipalities led by Mayor or Regent, and 2 Provinces led by Governor 4

Issues of Jakarta #1 Sinking City & Sea Level Rise “Jakarta is one among other delta cities that is exposed to risk of sea level rise and land subsidence (some areas of Jakarta is sinking up to 20 cm/year). Jakarta is even considered as one of most vulnerable cities impacted by climate change (EEPSEA, 2009) Source : https: //www. idrc. ca/sites/default/files/sp/Documents%20 EN/climate-change-vulnerability-mappingsa. pdf)” 5

Issues of Jakarta #2 Housing Provision • 49. 89% of households in Jakarta do not own a house (Economic and Social Census, 2017). • In 2015, Jakarta has housing backlog of approx. 302, 319 units. • The provision of affordable housing does not reach the target groups effectively. • low-income communities are forced to live in improper homes that form slums on illegal land such as riverbanks. 6

Issues of Jakarta #3 Clean Water, Sanitation, & Waste “In 2017, Jakarta produces 7147 tons of waste per day and 10% goes untreated (Jakarta Environmental Agency, 2017)” “In 2017, At 90 survey points of 20 rivers in Jakarta, 12% is lightly polluted, 17% is moderately polluted, and 61% is heavily polluted (Jakarta Environmental Agency, 2018). ” “Waste Water service coverage is still at the rate of 4 -5% (PD PAL Jaya, 2018). ” “Clean water for Jakarta is 97% supplied by water sources from outside Jakarta and clean water provision only serve 60% of the city (PAM Jaya, 2018). ” 7

Issues of Jakarta #4 Air Pollution In 2018, The “good air quality day” in Jakarta decreased to 11 days from the original 43 days in 2017. while the “bad air quality day” increased to 27 days from 0 days in 2017. 8

Issues of Jakarta #5 Public Transportation and Connectivity “In 2017, Jabodetabek has approximately 2 million commuters come to Jakarta everyday with total number of trips more than 47 million in the whole metropolitan. Out of these 47 million trips, 30% are using public transportation and the rest rely on private vehicles (BPTJ, 2018). ” “Newly finished MRT Jakarta that will be operated for the first time on March 2019 has 16 km operation length, while we need not less than 200 km to break Jakarta congestion. (Vice President of Indonesia, Jusuf Kalla, 2019). “ 9

Land Subsidence and Sea Level Rise: a. Restriction of utilizing water from deep well. b. Realization of green building initiative to reduce water consumption Governor decree on green building stated that new buildings need to comply with certain specifications. c. Construction of seawall along the northern coastline of Jakarta by Ministry of Public Works and Housing. Jakarta’s Efforts Housing Provision: a. Zero Down Payment Program for the middle income Provides soft loan to help the middle income pay the down payment for buying a house. Instead of borrowing money from informal lender, the house buyers can process the transaction with the developers. b. Slums Upgrading through Community Action Plan Collaboration with NGO and communities to plan the upgrading of their area. c. Rental Public Apartment Builds public apartments and gives subsidized rental fee for people living in illegal settlements. d. Jakarta Provincial Government gives Floor Area Ratio (FAR) bonus to developers in return for public facilities and infrastructures such as affordable housing. e. Ministry of Public Works and Housing regulates that every commercial apartment developers have an obligation to build public housing no less than 20% of total building floor area. 10

Jakarta’s Efforts Clean Water, Sanitation, and Waste: a. River naturalization and dredging. b. Provision of communal waste water treatment plan, especially for slum and kampong area close to riverbanks. c. Provision of Intermediate Treatment Facility (Waste to Energy Facility) in several of Jakarta’s Dumpsite. d. Contributing on environmental services with surrounding municipalities For example, Jakarta grants funds of USD 2. 7 million/year for Depok City to normalize and clean some water catchments (lakes). Air Quality: a. Provision of soot-free urban bus fleet in Jakarta. In June 2019, Jakarta’s electric bus fleet has been launched, and it is currently in trial stage for 6 months. ] b. Motorised vehicle emission test vehicles that emits large number of carbon emission will be banned Transportation and Connectivity: a. Expansion of mass transport network through the construction of MRT, LRT, and Bus routes. b. Subsidy Jakarta subsidizes BRT operational cost for routes reaching its surrounding municipalities through “Low-fare BRT policy” that costs only Rp 3. 500 or only USD 0. 25/trip (same cost as trip within Jakarta) 11

TERIMA KASIH

LAMPIRAN 13

Governance Issue: Working In Silo “Functional fragmentation among city departments has been a critical public administration problem and so does in Jakarta. ” + = They work separately No coordination Incomprehensive Solution There is a need for a platforms that can bound all stakeholders with the spirit of collaboration and commitment for improvement 14

Governance Issue: Fragmented Governance From City to Metropolitan Issues: Jakarta is surrounded by at least 5 municipalities led by Mayor or Regent, and 2 Provinces led by Governor 5 PROVINCE Jakarta Metropolitan’s Major Problems 97% Clean water for Jakarta is supplied by water sources from outside Jakarta ~ 7 thousand tons waste production per day Limited Water, rivers within Jakarta are very polluted 35 millions E-Coli per 100 cc water 18, 7 million motor vehicles contribute to air pollution in Jakarta land subsidence around North Jakarta with the maximum 25 cm in 20142017 If the degree of cross-boundary problems is so high, aren’t we suppose to think about metropolitan strategy? ? 15 15

Collaborative Approach: Jakarta 4. 0 CITY The city government as a collaborator. Citizens as cocreators. CITY The city government as a facilitator. Citizens as participants. 4. 0 4 LEVELS OF CITY EVOLUTION 3. 0 CITY 2. 0 CITY 1. 0 The city government as a service provider. Citizens as consumers. The city government as an administrator. Citizens as residents. 16

Current Approaches & Efforts BKSP (Metropolitan Coordination Body) BPTJ (Authority for Metropolitan Transportation Management) Environmental Services Transit Governance 1. Jakarta has granted funds for Bekasi up to USD 29 million/year for landfill management. 2. Jakarta grants funds of USD 520, 000/year for Bogor Regency to clean up the rivers maintain water catchments (dams). 3. Jakarta grants funds of USD 2. 7 million/year for Depok City to normalize and clean some water catchments (lakes) 4. Jakarta grants funds of USD 1. 75 million/year for Tangerang Regency to normalize some rivers 1. In 2015, Jakarta has granted funds of USD 4. 5 million for South Tangerang City to revitalize one of BRT terminal. 2. Jakarta administration subsidizes BRT operational cost for routes reaching its surrounding municipalities through “Low-fare BRT policy” that costs only Rp 3. 500 or only USD 0. 25/trip (same cost as trip within Jakarta) 3. In 2018, surrounding municipalities together with Jakarta administration plan BRT’s route expansion. 4. Along with BPTJ and Central Government, local governments in Jabodetabek are committed to achieve 2029 Jabodetabek’s connectivity and mobility Improvement target “Data taken from Head of Government Affairs of Jakarta Provincial Government, Premi Lasari, 2018. ” 17 17

Issues of Jakarta #6 Other various stresses and shocks Drought Food Security Riot Man Made Disaster 18

Old Paradigm of jakarta’s Spatial Planning Until recently, Jakarta has not incorporated low-carbon scheme in its spatial planning … Problems Created Spatial Structure and Pattern • High segregation between residential and commercial uses • Land use and transportation are not integrated • Inefficient use of city space • • High dependency to automobiles Lack of Green Open space Traffic jam Urban Sprawl Uncontrollable Carbon Emission 19

NEW CONCEPT IN JAKARTA SPATIAL MANAGEMENT Development Control Planning Integration of Land Use and Transportation Commitment to Improve Quantity and Quality of Green Open Space • New Zoning Regulation • Building Coverage • Floor Area Ratio • Green Coverage Distribution of Centers 30% Green Open Space • Minimum Lot Requirement Mixed Use Planning No conversion to built area • Permitted and Conditional Use Matrix Transit Oriented Development Utilization of wall and roof • Various Incentive and Disincentive Scheme 20