Toward a Second World War Aggression and Appeasement

Toward a Second World War: Aggression and Appeasement EQ: How did the Nations of Germany and Japan march the world towards a second World War and how did other nations respond? ? ?

Revisiting the Treaty of Versailles: • Punishments of Germany: 1. Limited German Military 2. Got Rid of Monarchy 3. Took away German Territory 4. Dissolved Germany and Austria 5. Economic Sanctions Against Germany 6. War Guilt Clause (Article 231) 7. League of Nations (Maintain the peace)

Hitler Becomes Fuhrer: August 1934 • Fuhrer was an old title taken by German leaders • After the death of President Paul Hindenburg, Hitler had supreme control of Germany • Limited the press • Limited protesting rights • Banned other political parties • Suspended the Constitution

Nuremberg Race Laws Instituted: September 1935 • Even though they only made up about 3% of German society, Hitler blamed all German problems on the Jews • Took away their citizenship • Could not marry outside race • Could not own land • Made antisemitism legal

Concentration Camps Expanded: 1936 • Originally designed to hold political prisoners, they began to intern Jews who challenged the Nuremberg Laws • Eventually there would be more than 30 “camps” in half a dozen countries • Some were for work, others were for extermination

Nazis Occupy the Rhineland: March 1936 • Even though this was specifically forbidden in the Treaty of Versailles, Hitler did it anyway • Testing the resolve of the rest of Europe and the League of Nations • After a reprimand, he removed his troops

German Re-Armament Begins: September 1936 • Germany began to build weapons -Guns -Subs (TV) -Tanks (TV) -Planes (TV) -Built up full time troops • Hitler was reprimanded, but did not stop

Germany and Japan Become Allies: November 1936 • Anti-Comminterm against the Soviet Union • They agreed to work together against future Soviet aggression • They would support each other in case of war

Hitler Reveals War Plan: November, 1937 • He would gain an alliance with Stalin • He would quickly take out Western Europe • He would conquer Britain • He would stab Stalin in the back • Eventually take on the rest of the World

Anschluss With Austria: March 1938 • Hitler and his armies invade Austria • Absorbs the Austrian troops into the German military • Violation of the Treaty of Versailles • Reprimanded by League of Nations

Munich Pact: 1938 • Hitler meets with British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain • Hitler agrees to not carry out future aggressions in Europe • Chamberlain claims, “Peace for our time. ” • Appeasement: Giving into an aggressors demands to avoid conflict

Night of Broken Glass: November 1938 • Hitler begins the rounding up of German Jews • They were sent to Ghettos (A racially segregated neighborhood) • Those who resisted were shot in the streets • Looting and rioting against Jewish businesses • Part of the war plan

Invasion of Czechoslovakia: March 1939 • Hitler takes back Czechoslovakia (some former German land) • Britain and France tell the Czechs not to fight back • More Appeasement

Nazi-Soviet Pact: August 1939 • Hitler and Stalin sign this pact to not fight against each other • They will work together to defeat Poland (Former German/Russian lands) • They did not trust each other.

Invasion of Poland: September 1939 • Germany Invades, then the Soviets Invade • Used Blitzkrieg tactics • Defeat Poland in less than a month (kill more than 1. 5 million people) • Britain and France finally declare war

Meanwhile, in Japan!!!

Japan Rises to Power: Again • Japan began to modernize its military in the 1860’s • In the late 1800’s to early 1900’s, they defeat several larger and supposedly more powerful enemies • This leads to a rise of militarism within the Japanese government • The biggest problem for Japan was that they were a small, resource poor country

The First Sino-Japanese War: 1894 -1895 • Japan and China fought over who would have control over the Korean Peninsula • While most people thought that China had a clear-cut advantage in manpower, Japan had a vastly more advanced military • They easily defeated the Chinese in less than a year.

The Russo-Japanese War: 1904 -1905 • Once again, Japan fights Russia over the control of Korea • Once again, the Russians are expected to beat down the Japanese • Japan defeats Russia by destroying most of their navy and becomes the pre-eminent power in the Pacific Ocean

Annexation of Korea: 1910 • In 1910, the Japanese sent their armies into Korea • They quickly subjugated the population and began to enlist them into building military weapons • They exploited the resources

World War 1: 1914 -1918 • While they did not play a huge role in WW 1, they used the opportunity to expand their influence in Asia • They took the German base of Tsingtao and worked with the Allies • They threatened war with China, but withdrew their demands under mounting Chinese pressures

Invasion of the Soviet Union: 1918 • At the request of the Allied forces and the US government, Japan sent troops into the Soviet Union • They were fighting against the communists under Lenin • They stayed until 1922

Invasion of Manchuria: 1931 • Manchuria was a disputed territory in China • Japan had troops there to “protect their interests” in the region • In 1931, the Japanese military faked a terror attack against their foreign minister • Japan sent more than 100, 000 troops into the area under international protest

Second Sino-Japanese War: 1937 • Using another “border dispute”, Japan invades China • This part of WW 2 will last for the next 8 years and claim the lives of more than 15 million people • The Japanese were gearing up for a potential conflict with the United States and needed oil, steel, and gunpowder.