Tourism Principles Practices Philosophies Part One Tourism Overview

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part One: Tourism Overview Learning Objectives • Understand what tourism is and its many definitions. • Learn the components of tourism and tourism management. • Examine the various approaches to studying tourism. • Appreciate how important this industry is to the economy of the world and of many countries. • Know the benefits and costs of tourism. 9 th Edition - © 2003 Chapter 1: Tourism in Perspective

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part One: Tourism Overview http: //groups. google. com/group/thmg/files 9 th Edition - © 2003 Chapter 1: Tourism in Perspective

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part One: Tourism Overview Definition of Tourism may be defined as the processes, activities, and outcomes arising from the relationships and the interactions among tourists, tourism suppliers, host governments, host communities, and surrounding environments that are involved in the attracting and hosting of visitors. 9 th Edition - © 2003 Chapter 1: Tourism in Perspective

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part One: Tourism Overview WTO Definition of Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. 9 th Edition - © 2003 Chapter 1: Tourism in Perspective

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part One: Tourism Overview Visitor A “visitor” is defined as those persons who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence but outside their usual environment for a period not exceeding twelve months and whose main purpose of visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. 9 th Edition - © 2003 Chapter 1: Tourism in Perspective

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part One: Tourism Overview Classification of Travelers (1) Tourists in international technical definitions. (2) Excursionists in international technical definitions. (3) Travelers whose trips are shorter than those that qualify for travel and tourism; e. g. , under 50 miles (80 km) from home. (4) Students traveling between home and school only -- other travel of students is within scope of travel and tourism. (5) All persons moving to a new place of residence including all one-way travelers, such as emigrants, immigrants, refugees, domestic migrants, and nomads. 9 th Edition - © 2003 Chapter 1: Tourism in Perspective

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part One: Tourism Overview The Tourism Phenomenon: Components of tourism and tourism management Acco m mod Secto ation r sm uri es To rvic Se National Travel Government Industry Tourism Offices Associations Local and City Government Tourism Departments ter ta Se inm cto en t r Local & Regional Tourism Associations/ Convention & Visitor Bureaus State and Provincial Government Tourism Offices Ad ve Re nture cre ati & O on u Se tdoo cto r r 9 th Edition - © 2003 En tor s Sec ction Attra State and Provincial Travel Industry Associations Transportation Sector Ev ent s. S ect or rade el T v a r T or Sect e rvic d Se or o o F t Sec s Chapter 1: Tourism in Perspective

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part One: Tourism Overview an sp St ud ie y log yc ho Ps or ta n Ca s nag ino em ent Ma Business cy Poli Management of Tourism Organizations y Kinesiolog aw Touris and D m Plannin g evelo pmen t y rene ursh ip En vir o St nm ud en ies tal tin re Urba n Reg and iona Plan l ning re ctu rke Entre p ite ch Ma Geography cultu Agri Parks and Recreation Source: adapted from Jafari, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Study of Tourism: Choices of Discipline and Approach. 9 th Edition - © 2003 tical Poli ce n Scie Ar g or l Rura m ris Tou st Hi Recreation Management Ma rk To etin ur g o ism f Law of y or ism t s r Hi ou T a sc nd e La p sign De New Dev Venture elop men He t En rita Ma vir ge na onm an ge e d me nt nt m. L ris Tou es Issu Geography of Tourism Studies Sports Tourismine dic and Me o op hr t An st ue hip G st- ons Ho lati Re tio s log T Mo our tiv ism ati on Tr Ga min g lity ita sp ies Ho tud S n y Econ omic s of To urism tio Sociology of Tourism ta ism Tour ion at Educ sp or omics ation an Econ Educ d an t tel ran n Ho stau ratio t Re inis m Ad Tr Sociology Disciplinary inputs to the tourism field Department or Discipline Tourism Course Chapter 1: Tourism in Perspective

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part One: Tourism Overview Travel and Tourism --World’s Largest Industry In 2001 it is estimated to account for some: • $3. 5 trillion of Economic Activity • 207 million jobs In 2011 it is estimated to account for : • $7. 0 trillion of Economic Activity • 260 million jobs Source: WTTC 9 th Edition - © 2003 Chapter 1: Tourism in Perspective

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part One: Tourism Overview Travel and Tourism Can Double in Size by 2011 • Travel and Tourism will continue to expand faster than the economy as a whole and faster than comparable industries. • By 2011 Travel & Tourism is expected to account for: *Over twice the output at $7. 0 trillion *More jobs --- 260 million employees • Growth depends on enlightened government policy Source: WTTC 9 th Edition - © 2003 Chapter 1: Tourism in Perspective

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part One: Tourism Overview World’s Top 5 Tourism Destinations 2000 Rank, 2000 1 2 3 4 5 Country France United States Spain Italy China International Tourist Arrivals (thousands) 2000 % Change 1999/00 Market Share % of World Total, 2000 74, 500 52, 700 48, 500 41, 200 31, 200 2. 0 8. 7 3. 7 12. 8 15. 5 10. 7 7. 5 6. 9 5. 9 4. 5 Source: WTO 9 th Edition - © 2003 Chapter 1: Tourism in Perspective

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part One: Tourism Overview World’s Top 5 Tourism Earners 2000 Rank, 2000 1 2 3 4 5 Country International Tourism Receipts (US$ million) 2000 United States Spain France Italy United Kingdom 83, 800 31, 000 29, 900 27, 700 19, 300 % Change 1999/00 11. 9 -4. 3 -5. 1 -2. 5 -4. 7 Market Share % of World Total, 2000 17. 6 6. 5 6. 4 5. 8 4. 0 Source: WTO 9 th Edition - © 2003 Chapter 1: Tourism in Perspective

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part One: Tourism Overview Tourism: What it Means to the U. S. Economy • Travel spending in U. S. generated $584. 4 billion in 2000. • Tourism is the nation’s third largest retail industry. • Tourism is the nation’s largest service export. • Over 7 million Americans employed directly in the travel industry, 9 million indirectly for a total of over 16 million jobs. • Tourism is the first, second, or third largest employer in 29 states. • Tourism provides more than 684, 000 executive level positions in each year. • Travel industry provides a disproportionate number of jobs for the traditionally disadvantaged. Source: Travel Industry Association of America (TIA) 9 th Edition - © 2003 Chapter 1: Tourism in Perspective

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part One: Tourism Overview Benefits of Tourism Economic • Provides employment opportunities • Generates foreign exchange • Increases Incomes • Increases GNP • Can be built on existing infrastructure • Develops an infrastructure that will also help stimulate local commerce and industry 9 th Edition - © 2003 • Can be developed with local products and resources • Diversifies the economy • Tends to be compatible with other economic activities • Spreads development • High multiplier impact • Increases governmental revenues Chapter 1: Tourism in Perspective

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part One: Tourism Overview Benefits of Tourism Social • Broadens educational and cultural horizons • Improves quality of life - higher incomes and improved standards of living • Justifies environmental protection and improvement • Provides tourist and recreational facilities that may be used by a local population 9 th Edition - © 2003 Chapter 1: Tourism in Perspective

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part One: Tourism Overview Benefits of Tourism Cultural • Reinforces preservation of heritage and tradition • Visitor interest in local culture provides employment for artists, musicians and other performing artists enhancing cultural heritage • Breaks down language barriers, sociocultural barriers, class barriers, racial barriers, political barriers, and religious barriers • Creates a favorable worldwide image for a destination • Promotes a global community • Promotes international understanding and peace 9 th Edition - © 2003 Chapter 1: Tourism in Perspective

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part One: Tourism Overview Disadvantages of Tourism Economic • Develops excess demand • Results in high leakage • Creates difficulties of seasonality • Causes inflation • Can result in unbalanced economic development • Increases vulnerability to economic and political changes 9 th Edition - © 2003 Chapter 1: Tourism in Perspective

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part One: Tourism Overview Disadvantages of Tourism Social • Creates social problems • Degrades the natural physical environment and creates pollution • Degrades the cultural environment • Threatens family structure • Commercializes culture, religion, and the arts • Creates misunderstanding • Creates conflicts in the host society • Contributes to disease, economic fluctuation, and transportation problems 9 th Edition - © 2003 Chapter 1: Tourism in Perspective