TOURISM POLICY PROFILES Problems designs and actors 1
TOURISM POLICY PROFILES Problems, designs and actors 1. Tourism policy p p 2. 3. A basic model Key dimensions Organising tourism policy Analysing policy discourse p p The case of Denmark The case of Siberia? halkier@cgs. aau. dk http: //www 2. ihis. aau. dk/~halkier/
TOURISM POLICY A basic model Political environment Implementing organisation Public actors Political sponsor Private actors Organisation Discursive terrain Policy design PROBLEM DEFINITION Policy target Firms Organisations Public authorities Tourists Economic & socio-cultural environment Public actors Private actors Cultural patterns Discursive terrain POLICY OUTCOME Source: Inspired by inter alia Ham & Hill, Jenkins, Sabatier, Parsons, Winter – Elaborated on the basis of Henrik Halkier: Institutions, Discourse and Regional Development, Brussels: PIE Peter Lang, 2006, chapter 3.
Topographical p inside/outside p up/down Temporal p past/future p cause/consequence Strategic p subject/object p assistant/opponent Source: Inspired by inter alia Koselleck and Åkerstrøm Andersen – Elaborated on the basis of Henrik Halkier: Institutions, Discourse and Regional Development, Brussels: PIE Peter Lang, 2006, chapter 3. Analysing public policy in practice KEY DIMENSIONS
Topographical p inside/outside p up/down Social geography p a problem where? p a problem for whom? Temporal p past/future p cause/consequence Policy design p in what sense a problem? p ways of addressing problem? Strategic p subject/object p assistant/opponent Policy process p who is active/passive? p who helps/gets in the way? Source: Inspired by inter alia Koselleck and Åkerstrøm Andersen – Elaborated on the basis of Henrik Halkier: Institutions, Discourse and Regional Development, Brussels: PIE Peter Lang, 2006, chapter 3. Analysing public policy in practice KEY DIMENSIONS
National tourism policy as POLICY DOMAIN National organisations Private firms Sub-national organisations Tourists
National tourism policy as POLICY DOMAIN National organisations Private firms Promotion Standards Research Safety Tourists Sub-national organisations
National tourism policy as POLICY DOMAIN National organisations Product development Expansion Spatial planning Fair play Partnership Promotion Standards Private firms Research Safety Tourists Sub-national organisations
National tourism policy as POLICY DOMAIN National organisations Product development Expansion Spatial planning Fair play Partnership Promotion Standards Private firms Research Safety Tourists Encouragement Sponsorship Regulation Coordination Partnership Sub-national organisations
National tourism policy as POLICY DOMAIN National organisations Product development Expansion Spatial planning Fair play Partnership Promotion Standards Private firms Research Safety Tourists Encouragement Sponsorship Regulation Coordination Partnership Sub-national organisations Three underlying assumptions: • market positioning • public-private relations • territorial relations
International tourism policies THE ULTIMATE TOP-DOWN? International organisations Fair play Safety Private firms Regulation? Coordination Research Safety Tourists National organisations
DANISH TOURISM POLICY Actors and policies in transition Danish Tourist Board Local associations 85 95 02 07
DANISH TOURISM POLICY Actors and policies in transition Danish Tourist Board Local associations 85 Destination partnerships Tourism export groups Regional Tourism Boards 95 02 07
DANISH TOURISM POLICY Actors and policies in transition Danish Tourist Board Local associations 85 Destination partnerships Tourism export groups Regional Tourism Boards 95 Product partnerships 02 Regional partnerships 07
DANISH TOURISM POLICY Actors and policy discourse in transition Social geography p national/local problem, then also regional p private firms, public promoters? Policy design p too few tourist, then also inadequate product p promotion, firm-level projects and networks Policy process p central/local levels inform, regional/partnerships develop? p competitors, risk-averse firms, internal competition? Danish Tourist Board Local associations 85 Destination partnerships Tourism export groups Regional Tourism Boards 95 Product partnerships 02 Regional partnerships 07
SIBERIAN TOURISM POLICY Actors and policies in transition Social geography p a problem where? p a problem for whom? Policy design p in what sense a problem? p ways of addressing problem? Policy process p who is active/passive? p who helps/gets in the way?
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