Touch Taste Smell Touch is essential to development

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Touch, Taste, Smell

Touch, Taste, Smell

Touch is essential to development ◦ Premature babies gain weight faster when given massages

Touch is essential to development ◦ Premature babies gain weight faster when given massages ◦ Infant rats deprived of mothers’ grooming touch have stunted growth ◦ Monkeys deprived of mothers touch are traumatized

Sense of Touch � Combination of four skin senses: pressure, warmth, cold and pain

Sense of Touch � Combination of four skin senses: pressure, warmth, cold and pain ◦ Controlled by somatosensory cortex in parietal lobes ◦ Sensitivity varies between body parts

How do we sense pain? �Gate-Control Theory ◦ There are pain gates in the

How do we sense pain? �Gate-Control Theory ◦ There are pain gates in the spinal cord (open=pain, closed=no pain) ◦ Different types of stimulation cannot be sent through the gates simultaneously ◦ Conflicting stimulation closes the gate �Acupuncture, ice, rubbing

Pain Control � Pain can be treated both physically and psychologically -relaxation, distraction -Lamaze,

Pain Control � Pain can be treated both physically and psychologically -relaxation, distraction -Lamaze, hospital study (Ulrich 1984)

Sense of Smell � Olfaction ◦ Receptor cells in the olfactory membrane transduce chemicals

Sense of Smell � Olfaction ◦ Receptor cells in the olfactory membrane transduce chemicals from the air ◦ Olfactory bulb has a direct link to limbic system (memory and emotion) through olfactory nerve ◦ Pheromones chemical messengers processed through smell

Sense of Taste � Gustation: transducing chemicals from food ◦ Gustatory (taste) receptor cells

Sense of Taste � Gustation: transducing chemicals from food ◦ Gustatory (taste) receptor cells found in taste buds ◦ taste buds embedded in papilla (bumps) across the tongue sense all flavors ◦ 5 types of taste buds (sweet, sour, salt, bitter, umami (savory) ◦ Flavor=smell+taste �Why did we develop a sense of taste?

Each bud contains elongated taste cells that respond to sweet, salty, sour, bitter or

Each bud contains elongated taste cells that respond to sweet, salty, sour, bitter or umami (savory).

Kinesthetic Sense �Tells the brain where the parts of the body are relative to

Kinesthetic Sense �Tells the brain where the parts of the body are relative to one another �Controlled by sense receptors on the joints and muscles ◦ damage=apraxia: inability to manipulate objects

Vestibular Sense �Tells the brain about the position of the head relative to the

Vestibular Sense �Tells the brain about the position of the head relative to the body and ground/aids in balance �Controlled by fluid-filled sacs in the semicircular canals of the inner ear �Connects to cerebellum and eyes

Other Senses Smell Touch Taste Gustation Taste TasteOther Senses Smell Touch Taste Gustation Taste Taste
Smell Taste Smell and taste are generally classifiedSmell Taste Smell and taste are generally classified
Taste The Smell of Taste Taste Sensations lTaste The Smell of Taste Taste Sensations l
The Special Senses Taste and Smell Taste tasteThe Special Senses Taste and Smell Taste taste
Special senses Vision Hearing Smell Taste Smell AnatomySpecial senses Vision Hearing Smell Taste Smell Anatomy
Special senses Vision Hearing Smell Taste Smell AnatomySpecial senses Vision Hearing Smell Taste Smell Anatomy
Chemosense Smell and Taste Smell sensed by chemoreceptorsChemosense Smell and Taste Smell sensed by chemoreceptors
CHEMICAL SENSES SMELL AND TASTE OLFACTION SMELL andCHEMICAL SENSES SMELL AND TASTE OLFACTION SMELL and
Taste and Smell Exercise 25 BI 232 TasteTaste and Smell Exercise 25 BI 232 Taste
Sensation of Taste Chemical Senses TASTE SMELL BothSensation of Taste Chemical Senses TASTE SMELL Both