TOTALITARIANISM The Rise of Dictators Totalitarianism A government

TOTALITARIANISM The Rise of Dictators

Totalitarianism: • • • A government that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life Totalitarian leaders provide appear to provide a sense of security and to give a direction for the future Utilizes secret police to crush opposition and create a sense of fear among the people

KEY TRAITS:

Dynamic Leader • • • Unites people Symbolizes Government Encourages popular support through force of will

Dictatorship & One-Party Rule • • Exercises absolute authority Dominates the government

Ideology • • • Sets goals of the state Glorifies aims of the state Justifies government actions

State Control of Individuals • • • Demands loyalty Denies basic liberties Expects personal sacrifice for the good of the state

State Control of Society • • Business Labor Housing Education Religion The arts Personal life Youth groups

Methods of Enforcement • • Police terror Indoctrination Censorship Persecution

Modern Technology • • Mass communication to spread propaganda Advanced military weapons

Benito Mussolini – Italy • • Il Duce Fascist Party Fasces (rod & ax) Blackshirts

Adolf Hitler – Germany • • • Der Fuehrer Nazi Party Swastika Brown Shirts Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

Mein Kampf – My Struggle

Joseph Stalin – U. S. S. R. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics • • Communist: Government controls all property and means of production 5 Year Plans: econ. Goals to transform U. S. S. R. from agriculture to INDUSTRY Great Purge: 1932 -1933 – Over 8 mil. Russians are arrested and sent to Gulags (prison/labor camps) in Siberia or executed. Peasants farms are collectivized – 10 mil. Peasants die!

Joseph Stalin

Russian Peasants

General Francisco Franco - Spain • • • 1936 -1939: Leads military revolt against the democratic government beginning the bloody Spanish Civil War Stalin supports Franco by sending trucks, planes, tanks, & military advisor Hitler and Mussolini send arms, money, and men

Franco Becomes Dictator of Spain • • Establishes Authoritarian regime favoring large landowners, businessmen, & Catholic Clergy (because he favored traditional groups and did not control every aspect of society his dictatorship is authoritarian – not totalitarian)

Guernica by Pablo Picasso