Totalitarianism Italy Totalitarian State Government in which a

Totalitarianism & Italy

Totalitarian State: Government in which a one party dictatorship regulates every aspect of citizens’ lives. Dictator: Ruler who has complete control over a government Appeasement: Policy of giving in to an aggressor’s demands in order to keep the peace.

Kellog Briand Pact • Led by France & US • Renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy http: //media-2. web. britannica. com/eb-media/62/65962 -004 -A 6 CCCFAF. jpg

Fascists Come to Power in Italy • Italy in a deep financial depression after WWI • Mussolini promised order and prosperity

• "Fascist education is moral, physical, social, and military: it aims to create a complete and harmoniously developed human, a fascist one according to our views". http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Benito_Mussolini#Rome-Berlin_relations

• Introduced “fascism” • Fascism: characterized by dictatorship, centralized control of private enterprise, repression of opposition, and extreme nationalism

• Summer of 1934, Mussolini wondered how they would designate membership in the "Germanic race": • "But which race? Does there exist a German race? Has it ever existed? Will it ever exist? Reality, myth, or hoax of theorists? Ah well, we respond, a Germanic race does not exist. Various movements. Curiosity. Stupor. We repeat. Does not exist. We don't say so. Scientists say so. Hitler says so. " http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Benito_Mussolini#Rome-Berlin_relations

• When German-Jewish journalist Emil Ludwig asked about his views on race, Mussolini exclaimed: • "Race! It is a feeling, not a reality: ninety-five percent, at least, is a feeling. Nothing will ever make me believe that biologically pure races can be shown to exist today. Amusingly enough, not one of those who have proclaimed the "nobility" of the Teutonic race was himself a Teuton. Gobineau was a Frenchman, Houston Chamberlain, an Englishman; Woltmann, a Jew; Lapouge, another Frenchman. " http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Benito_Mussolini#Rome-Berlin_relations

• “[When the] city dies, the nation—deprived of the young life—blood of new generations—is now made up of people who are old and degenerate and cannot defend itself against a younger people which launches an attack on the now unguarded frontiers[. . . ] This will happen, and not just to cities and nations, but on an infinitely greater scale: the whole White race, the Western race can be submerged by other coloured races which are multiplying at a rate unknown in our race. – Mussolini, 1928 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Benito_Mussolini#Rome-Berlin_relations

Used “Black Shirts” to impose his rule http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Second_Italo-Abyssinian_War http: //italianhistory. info/blackshirts. jpg

Invades Ethiopia http: //www. warchat. org/pictures/second_italo-abyssinian_war_1935 -1936_war_map. jpg http: //history. sandiego. edu/cdr 2/WW 2 Pics/75307. jpg

Pact of Steel • • • Italy & Germany May 22, 1939 Pt 1: declaration of trust & cooperation • Pt 2: union of policies re: military & economy http: //ahoy. tk-jk. net/Images. Jan 20_2007/Mussolini. And. Hitler. jpg

Compare Fascism and Communism Similarities of Totalitarian Rule Fascism

Compare Fascism and Communism • antidemocratic • hopes for international change • enemies of fascism • supported by urban and agricultural workers • all businesses state owned Similarities of Totalitarian Rule Fascism

Compare Fascism and Communism • antidemocratic • hopes for international change • enemies of fascism • supported by urban and agricultural workers • all businesses state owned Similarities of Totalitarian Rule Fascism • antidemocratic and nationalistic • enemies of communists • supported by business leaders, wealthy landowners and middle class • all businesses individually owned but state controlled

Compare Fascism and Communism Similarities of Totalitarian Rule • antidemocratic • single party dictatorship • hopes for international change • enemies of fascism • supported by urban and agricultural workers • all businesses state owned • state control of the economy • use of police spies and terror for control • strict censorship and government monopoly of the media • indoctrination of youth • unquestioning obedience to a single leader Fascism • antidemocratic and nationalistic • enemies of communists • supported by business leaders, wealthy landowners and middle class • all businesses individually owned but state controlled