Total Surface Area and Land Surface Area reporting

Total Surface Area and Land Surface Area reporting – experiences from NUTS 2013 and plans for NUTS 2016 ESTAT – E. 4 - GISCO

reg_area 3 - here are the data! http: //appsso. eurostat. ec. europa. eu/nui/show. do? dataset=reg_are a 3&lang=en

Definitions • Total Surface Area (TSA, also called Total Area) – Total Surface Area includes land area and inland waters (lakes, rivers etc. ) in the administrative boundaries of countries and sub-national authorities, as defined in EC (1999). • Land Surface Area (LSA) – Total Surface Area excluding lakes, rivers, transitional and coastal waters. Mountainous regions, glaciers, forests, wetlands and other more or less uninhabitable regions as recommended in EC (1999) are included in LSA. • Coastline – The coastline is the line where land surface and water surface border each other. Due to the existence of several coastlines (e. g. median tide, low tide) the mean high tide (EC, 1999) is used as a harmonised definition across the EU.

Objective of the Exercise (in order of importance) • 1) Good documentation • 2) Consistency between EU data and national data • 3) Comparability between countries • 4) Complete data for all NUTS areas • 5) High accuracy surface area statistics • 6) Stability of data over time

Timeline • GISCO WG 2017 – reported on the status • • ESMS-ESS-MH compilation Compilation of Data – latest data arrived in Dec Publication in December 2017 Compilation of Metadata from NSI

Observations • Out of 39 countries – the Eurostat estimated data play a role for published records from 16 countries: • Quality control for EBM, NMA, NSI, Eurostat • Missing data in ESTATS NUTS 2013 product (e. g. Albania 15. 12. 2016). • National GI data not yet aligned with neighbouring countries • Different organizations at National level communicate

Compilation of Metadata from NSI

Observations from Metadata • Total Surface Area: • Map scales for Input datasets: 1: 100 – 1: 350. 000, majority 1: 10. 000 • Different input datasets/thresholds for Islands size accounting • Years from Input Datasets : 2008 – 2016

Observations from Metadata • Total Land Area: • Map scales for Input datasets: 1: 1250 – 1: 350. 000, majority 1: 10. 000 • Different input datasets/thresholds for Inland Water • Years from Input Datasets : 2001 – 2016

Tobler, Waldo. 1987. “Measuring Spatial Resolution”, Proceedings, Land Resources Information Systems Conference , Beijing, pp. 12 -16. 10 Eurostat

• Each NSI does the calculation just a slightly bit different • FUTURE: Initial analysis on Metadata suggest to decrease time lag of GI data • FUTURE: Initial analysis on Metadata suggest to converge to a map scale of e. g. 1: 10. 000 or better

Metadata analysis – Future work • Update Metadata by NSI for publication • Update Guidelines (1999) how to derive the TSA/TLA • • • Appropriate Data Map Scales/ Data sources Definitions Treatment of inland water/ coastal water Treatment of islands Recent GI data

New data collection • Based on NUTS 2016, submission for TSA and TLA, starting in May 2018 • Fixed Requirement: Submission via EDAMIS • Optional: submit data with TERCET/LAU data submission (reduce burden in NSI)

Submission Options for reg_area 3 • Due to current situation that many NSIs submit their own data instead of adjusting • (I) Full submission system by NSI • (II) Proceed with current system of mixed data by ESTAT+NSI • For (I) and (II) two sub-options: • a) Focus only on NUTS changes keep unchanged countries stable • b) Full new data collection also for unchanged countries • Anyhow E 4 calculates/share NUTS 2016 TSA/TLA for QA- QC

Copernicus land monitoring - service evolution Update frequency 6 years 3 years Urban Atlas, Riparian zones, N 2 K CLC 19902018 Thematic richness High HRL CLC+ medium Future HRL 1 year low 3 month HRL Phenology 2 month 1 month S 3 Proba V Land products daily 1 m 2 m 5 m 10 m Spatial resolution 20 m 100 m Glob al Land products 1000 m

Thanks for your attention

Current update frequency of products Product HRL Imperviou sness HRL forest, water, wetland, grassland Corine Land Cover Urban Atlas Riparian zones 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Background (I) • The European Institutions and other international bodies (e. g. UN, World Bank) need to have reliable, authoritative, comparable Total Surface Areas (TSA) and Land Surface Area (LSA) estimates on a country basis as well by statistical reporting units. • Up to now these data have been provisioned on a voluntary basis by the member states (MS) as part of their reporting under the demographic theme.

Previous Status • missing methodological description - metadata • missing land surface area estimates for some specific countries – only total surface area • Total(Surface/Land) Area estimates with unclear changes

Option I • i) Eurostat calculates TSA and LSA at country level and for all NUTS levels, applying a harmonised method for all countries using GISCO NUTS/COUNTRY boundaries and high resolution water masks from CORINE; • ii) Countries can feedback and correct the GISCO data provided they sufficiently document their methodology; • iii) Eurostat publishes these updated/approved datasets with detailed methodological notes. • A formal update procedure should be established, tied in with the revision of the NUTS.

Current Status (I) • 10 countries accepted ESTAT values • 16 countries submitted adjustments • 7 countries did not respond • 4 countries – in discussion

Current Status • Methodological description - metadata • Land surface area and Total Surface Area estimates (in future for all) • Start to understand the Total(Surface/Land) Area estimates changes and differences https: //thenounproject. com/AFYstudio

Observation (I) • Good agreement between NSI submitted data and Euro. Geographics/Eurostat calculated data, except the edge cases (e. g. Water). • We observe difference between previous and current Country submissions • We observe difference between Country and Eurostat calculations based on Euro. Geographics data

Observation (II) • Two coastline interpretations: • 1) United Nations Law of the Sea • 2) Implementation of the Euro. Geographics dataset

Coastline (UN) Source: www. un. org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos_e. pdf

Coastline (EG) • ERM-Specifications Objekts „Coastline / Shoreline“ (BA 010): • Definition: The line where a land mass is in contact with a body of water. • Portrayal criteria: The vertical datum for the shoreline should be mean sea high water in tidal maritime zone or normal water. Source: http: //www. eurogeographics. org/sites/default/files/ERM_Data. Specification_Release 91. pdf http: //www. oc. nps. navy. mil/nom/day 1/partc. html

Treatment of estuaries UK approach Source: Standard Area Measurements - 2015 User Guide

Treatment of estuaries Source:

Treatment of inland waters Austria (inclusion), Switzerland, Germany Source: http: //ec. europa. eu/eurostat/statistical-atlas/gis/viewer/? mids=2, 8, 104&o=1, 0. 5, 1&center=47. 52045

Methods to determine water surface / coastline • • • CORINE (25 ha MMU) : 1: 100. 000 ERM dataset 1: 250. 000 Topographic datasets 1: 1000 -1: 350. 000 Landuse (1 ha MMU) Water Framework directive dataset 1: 250. 000 • Digitizing from Satellite, Air Photo, Cadastre. . • Different input datasets/thresholds for Water Detection

Treatment of Extra-Regions ?

Roadmap • Publish data as calculated/adjusted by the NSI with appropriate Metadata for the TSA/TLA. • Eurostat will develop a more exhaustive template for data and methods and works with Member States to have them filled consistently

EUROSTAT QUALITY GRADING SYSTEM

Distribution plot of deviations 4000 Deviation in km 2 3000 2000 1000 0 0 200 400 600 800 -1000 -2000 NUTS 350 from 1400 1000 1200 1400 1600

Issue of NUTS 3 with > 20 km 2