Torque and Equilibrium Torque What exactly is torque

Torque and Equilibrium

Torque What exactly is torque in normal English? l Rotational effect of force. Tells how effective force is at twisting or rotating an object. tnet = I α lt = +- r Fperpendicular = r F sin èUnits N m èSign, CCW rotation is (usually) positive Why is there a sine theta in the Torque equation!? !!? ? ! 07

Question The picture below shows three different ways of using a wrench to loosen a stuck nut. Assume the applied force F is the same in each case. In which of the cases is the torque on the nut the biggest? A. Case 1 B. Case 2 C. Case 3 10

Question 2 The picture below shows three different ways of using a wrench to loosen a stuck nut. Assume the applied force F is the same in each case. In which of the cases is the torque on the nut the smallest? A. Case 1 B. Case 2 C. Case 3 12

Torque Example A person raises one leg to an angle of 30 degrees. An ankle weight (89 N) attached a distance of 0. 84 m from her hip. What is to torque due to this weight? 4 0. 8 r = 30 m F=89 N If she raises her leg higher, the torque due to the weight will A) Increase B) Same C) Decrease 17

Equilibrium l. A rod is lying on a table and has two equal but opposite forces acting on it, one on each end. What is the net force on the rod? A) Up B) Down C) Zero l Will the rod move? A) Yes B) No y F x F 21

Equilibrium l Conditions èS F = 0 Mass) èS t = 0 for Equilibrium Translational EQ (Center of Rotational EQ » Can choose any axis of rotation…. Choose Wisely! 25

Example: Equilibrium A meter stick is suspended at the center. If a 1 kg weight is placed at x=0. Where do you need to place a 2 kg weight to balance it? 50 cm 9. 8 N d 19. 6 N 25

Question The picture below shows two people lifting a heavy log. Which of the two people is supporting the greatest weight? 1. The person on the left is supporting the greatest weight 2. The person on the right is supporting the greatest weight 3. They are supporting the same weight 33

Example: hanging beam 2 m A 40 kg uniform beam is being supported by two ropes. What is the tension in each rope? 40 kg 3 m

Example: painter A painter of mass 50 kg uses two supports and a plank of mass 20 kg as a platform to paint his house. How far to the right of support B can the painter stand before the plank tips? 3 meter 1 meter 20 kg A B Just before board tips, force from A becomes zero 47

Example: continued 3 meter 1 meter 20 kg A B

Example: falling beam 2 m If the right rope breaks, what is the initial angular acceleration of the beam? 40 kg 3 m

Example: Rolling l An hoop with mass M, radius R, and moment of inertia I = MR 2 rolls without slipping down a plane inclined at an angle = 30 o with respect to horizontal. What is its acceleration? l Consider CM motion and rotation about the CM separately when solving this problem I M R 29

Rolling. . . Static friction f causes rolling. It is an unknown, so we must solve for it. l First consider the free body diagram of the object and use l In the x direction l l Now consider rotation about the CM and use = I M y R x f Mg 33

Rolling. . . l We have two equations: l We can combine these to eliminate f: I A M R 36

Summary l Torque = Force that causes rotation ètnet = I α èt = F r sin èWork done by torque W = t l Equilibrium èS F = 0 èS t = 0 » Can choose any axis. 50