Topology Change Emergent Symmetry of QCD and Neutron

Topology Change, Emergent Symmetry of QCD and Neutron Star Properties Yong-Liang Ma Jilin University 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 1

Outline I. Introduction II. Skyrmion matter & topology change III. Hidden symmetries of QCD IV. Emergent symmetry & neutron star properties V. Summary 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 2

I. Introduction 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 3

A challenge in particle and nuclear physics: Origin of nucleo Nucleon mass in reality Nucleon mass from Higgs mech. n The Standard Model of particle physics, mass is generated by Higgs mechanism； n From Higgs mechanism, nucleon mass ~ 10 Me. V, in reality, ~1000 Me. V； 100 times！ What is the origin of nucleon mass? 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 4

A challenge in particle and nuclear physics: Origin of nucleo 如何实现无中生有？ ---------- Frank Wilczek, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 21, (2006) 701– 712. Scenario 1: Mechanism? re a es i r t e m Massive quark, Massless quark, ym s SB. Chiral symm. . se e h t , e c a p s e re f r e t et m Topology. Change @ APCTP In Scenario 2: 2018/9/17 . n e d Patterns ofisymmetry: d h / n e k bro Ø Chiral symmetry Ø Scale symmetry 5

A challenge in particle and nuclear physics: Origin of nucleo QCD at extreme condition, an environment to study the patterns of symmetries Cold nuclear matter Notorious sign problem, Cannot be accessed by 0 lattice simulation Experimental 2018/9/17 measurement A new era of new nuclear physics. or observation Perspective & promising. R. Muto et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 Topology. Change , 042501 (2007). @ APCTP , 6

What will I do in this talk Ø Dense baryonic matter properties based on chiral EFT implemented the lessons from skyrmion crystal approach; Ø Possible emergent symmetries in the nuclear matter; Ø Effects on neutron star properties. Based on the work in collaboration with: n Masayasu Harada, Hyun-Kyu Lee, Yan-Ling Li, Yongseok Oh, Won-Gi Paeng, Byun-Yoon Park, Mannque Rho, …… 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 7

II. Skyrmion matter & topology change 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 8

Skyrme model: Baryon as a topological soliton T. R. Skyrme, 1960 For fixed time: With B. C. , Trivial vacuum R 3 can be compactified to S 3 as all points at infinity in R 3 are mapped into one fixed point in S 3. Conserved winding num. conserved baryon num. in QCD 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 9

Skyrme model: results Adkins, Nappi, Witten, NPB 228 (1983). Jackson, Rho, PRL 51 (1983). Adkins, Nappi, Witten, NPB 233 (1984). 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 10

Nuclear matter from skyrmion crystal Ø Originally: I. Klebanov, Nucl. Phys. B 262(1985) 133 -143. CC Ø Kugler & Shtrikman, PLB 208 (1988) 491; PRD 40 (1989) 3421. z 0 0 x y y x 0 0 z 0 2018/9/17 y 0 x Topology. Change @ APCTP 11

What skyrmion crystal can do BUT c. PT cannot do: Topology Ø Topology changes at high density, with the skyrmion fractionizing into ½- skyrmions. Ø Drastic effect on the nuclear tensor forces. Ø Parity-doublet symmetry “emerges” at high density: Nucleon mass in medium has two components, i. e. , m*N =m 0 + D (S*) m 0 as S* 0. Ø Could lead to Fermi-liquid-to-non-Fermi liquid transition, invalidating RMF theory at high density? 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 12

Topology change = Phase Change Topology transition Ø An intrinsic mathematic properties of QCD at low energy. Ø Model and crystal independent. Ø Pseudo-gap. YM and M. Rho, Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 17’. 2018/9/17 What is its effect? Dense nuclear matter. Topology. Change @ APCTP 13

III. Hidden symmetries of QCD 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 14

Symmetries hidden in QCD The effective Lagrangian is constructed with respect these breaking symmetr Topology. Change @ APCTP 15 2018/9/17

Ch. PT of pion and rho mesons, HLS Integrate out vector mesons, HLS gauge equivalent to Ch. PT. Absence of parity partner Hidden flavor symmetry. Chiral perturbation theory: power counting, derivative expansion Weinberg, 79; Gasser and Leutwyler, 84 Redundancy in the decomposition Effective theory of vector mesons, Hidden local symmetry Bando, et al 89; Harada & Yamawaki, 03 Dim. deconstruction: Son & Stephanov 04’ 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 16 Gauge-gravity duality: Sakai-Sugimoto

• Maurer-Cartan 1 -forms Transformation: • Lagrangian 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 17

Explicit broken symmetries in QCD in chiral limit Anomaly matching ‘t Hooft, 80 Anomaly matching 2018/9/17 How to include the sigma meson effect in Ch. PT? Topology. Change @ APCTP 18

Scale symmetry in EFT, 1970’s Arising from explicit chiral symmetry breaking, irrelevant to the trace anomaly of QCD; 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 19

2018/9/17 Crewther and Tunstall , PRD 91, (2015) 034016 Topology. Change @ APCTP 20

Chiral-scale hidden local symmetry Crewther and Tunstall , PRD 91, 034016 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 21

The leading-order HLS Lagrangian consists of three components: Li, Ma and Rho, PRD 95. 114011 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 22

Chiral-scale hidden local symmetry: Discussion ü The SB of scale symmetry and EB of scale symmetry are correlated and the SB is triggered by EB which agrees with that, unlike chiral symmetry, SB of scale symmetry cannot take place in the absence of EB. Freund & Nambu, 69. ü This implies that it is not possible to ``sit on" the IR fixed point with both scale and chiral symmetries spontaneously broken. Coleman-Weinberg type potential used in the literature. 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP Goldberger, et al, 08 23

Scale invariant HLS with baryon octet: bs. HLS If EFT constructed in the matter-free space is applicable to medium, how to included the density effect? 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 24

Intrinsic density dependence 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 25

With respect to the present measurement and other theoretical approaches, we obtain: Affect the stability of nuclear matter, further study is in progress. Y. L. Li & Y. L. Ma, 17 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 26

Chiral symmetry, scale symmetry and hidden local symmetry are restored at high density. YM & M. Rho, PRD 18 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 27

V. Emergent symmetry and neutron star properties 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 28

Nucleon mass and topology change Y. L. Ma, et al, Phys. Rev. D 88 (2013), 014016; Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) no. 3, 034015. High density region(small L)： Quark condensate However vanishes Nucleon mass is non-zero n Nucleon mass is not solely from chiral symmetry breaking, it include a chiral invariant part. parity doubling structure. 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 29

Emergency of chiral partner structure Suenaga, He, YM, Harada, PRD(2015); 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 30

Implement topology transition to Eo. S Imbed the quanlitative conclusion to bs. HLS Eo. S for nuclear matter with IDD 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 31

Emergent scale symmetry in medium Paeng, Kuo, Lee, Ma and Rho, PRD 17’. 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 32

Emergent scale symmetry in medium Ø NOT the genuine conformal velocity, absent in QCD proper. Ø The trace anomaly is still non-zero there. Yet the velocity approaches conformal one as the system goes into a “phase" where the paritydoubling symmetry emerges. Ø Identify it as a “pseudo-conformal sound velocity" associated with a possibly emergent scale symmetry. Ø The viability was verified in in terms of a “pseudo-conformal Eo. S. " Paeng, Kuo, Lee, Ma and Rho, PRD 17’. 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 33

Symmetry Energy “Symmetry energy is dominated by the tensor forces”: Skyrmion With nuclear correlations The existence of cusp is model independent. 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP n 1/2 Lee, Park and Rho, PRC 11’. Liu, YM and Rho, in preparation. 34

Symmetry Energy B. B. Zhang and B. A. Li, 1807. 07698 2018/9/17 Supports the increasing of the Sym. E. Topology. Change @ APCTP 35

Emergent scale symmetry in medium Paeng, Kuo, Lee, Ma and Rho, PRD 17’. 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 36

Massive star properties Paeng, Kuo, Lee, YM and Rho PRD 17’ Ma, Lee, Paeng and Rho, 18’. 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 37

Tidal deformability 2018/9/17 Contain the information of Eo. S Topology. Change @ APCTP 38

Tidal deformability 2018/9/17 Ma, Lee, Paeng and Rho, 18’. Topology. Change @ APCTP 39

Tidal deformability Location of the topology change density is found to strongly impact the tidal deformability. 2018/9/17 Ma, Lee, Paeng and Rho, 18’. Topology. Change @ APCTP 40

VI. Summary and duscussion 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 41

Summary and discussion 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP C. Y. Tsang, et al. , 1807. 06571 42

Summary and discussion Ø Perhaps more fundamental is the possible role of the tidal deformability in illuminating how scale symmetry figures in dense matter. The approach so far employed is anchored on what was referred to as LOSS. While the LOSS approximation is fairly consistent with nature at low density, it is however an open issue at high density. It may be that a precisely determined could provide valuable information on the validity of, or deviation from, LOSS at higher density relevant to compact stars. Ø It is important to understand the physical consequence of a half or nontopological charge of half (or fractional) skyrmions, such as the static of them and some phenomena in condensed matter physics. 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 43

Summary and discussion Is this pseudo-conformal structure at odds with Nature? Not with what’s measured (or known) up to now Slide borrowed from M. Rho

Hint: “Cheshire Cat” at Work Nadkarni, Nielsen, Zahed 1984 Topology Change (A) ss Sigma model ½Crystal skyrmions Sigma model Hong, Zahed, R. 1999 Paeng, Ma et al 2018 duality Baryons-to SC quarks Massive stars n n 1/2 ~ (2 -3)n 0 Baryons SC quarks CFL (quarkyonic? ) (B) (A) (B) Fukushima, Kojo 2016 Baym et al, 2017 Slide borrowed from M. Rho

2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 46

Thank you for your attention 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP 47

Light-front Holography calculation for 2 - There is even a tentative support from a flavor QCD stochastic numerical perturbation calculation in Pade approximant that indicates an IR fixed point for twomassless flavor quarks. Brodsky, Teramond & Deur, PRD 81, 2010. 2018/9/17 Topology. Change @ APCTP Horsley, et al, 14 48