Topics and Questions Topics and Questions All quantitative

Topics and Questions • All quantitative research begins with a question of some kind.

Incidence • What is the prevalence of a certain variable, dimension, response pattern, etc.

Measurement • What is the best way to evaluate and measure? • Reliability –

Correlation • How closely are two or more variables related? • Is a change

Factor • What factors are related to a particular stimulus, subject, treatment, or response

Development • What is the nature of the changes that take place as a

Static Comparison • Are two or more stimuli, groups, or response patterns different along

Treatment • Does treatment X produce response Y? • Focus on before-after comparisons. •

Interaction • How do variables interact in their effects? • Assessment-Treatment questions focus on

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Topics and Questions

Topics and Questions • All quantitative research begins with a question of some kind. • The title may suggest the type of question being posed. • The research question is articulated in a statement of the research problem or the purpose of the study

Incidence • What is the prevalence of a certain variable, dimension, response pattern, etc. ? • What percentage? • How many? • How often?

Measurement • What is the best way to evaluate and measure? • Reliability – Does the test measure consistently? • Validity – Does the test measure the variable in question?

Correlation • How closely are two or more variables related? • Is a change in one variable related to change in another? • Can changes in one variable predict the amount and direction of change in another? • To what extent are several variables related?

Factor • What factors are related to a particular stimulus, subject, treatment, or response variable? • Which factors influence aspects of assessment, treatment, or evaluation?

Development • What is the nature of the changes that take place as a function of time or age? • What is the sequence and timing of these changes? • To what extent does a stimulus, subject, or response pattern develop as a function of time or age?

Static Comparison • Are two or more stimuli, groups, or response patterns different along one or more variables (before experimental manipulation) • Comparisons are static because they examine the variables in the present, as they are currently.

Treatment • Does treatment X produce response Y? • Focus on before-after comparisons. • Compare before-after in one group, or compare two groups (one that receives treatment and one that does not).

Interaction • How do variables interact in their effects? • Assessment-Treatment questions focus on how participant variables (age, diagnosis, etc. ) determine therapy outcomes. • Treatment-Evaluation questions focus on how stimulus or treatment variables determine therapy outcomes.