Topical Agents 3 rd Year Pharmacy 2016 2017

Topical Agents 3 rd Year Pharmacy 2016 - 2017

Outline Classification a- protective b- antimicrobial • agents A- protective products • Talc , Zinc oxide Zn. O, Calamine, Titinum oxide • Ti. O 2, Al products& silicon polymer Antimicrobials • Mechanism 1 -oxidation H 2 O 2, Zn. O, KMn. O 4, Iodine • 2 - Halogenations Na. OCl • 3 - protein ppt Ag. NO 3. •

Protective Agents Protective • Any agent that isolates the exposed • surface from harmful or annoying stimuli Properties of protective agents: • Insoluble in water • Chemical Inertness Adsorbent

Deeper penetration of topical agents are also • seen in many cases which are beneficial. (Penetration of antiseptics into the tissue deeper of possibility the prevents skin the below • -(infections •

Protective Agents Talc (Mg 3 Si 4 O 10(OH)2 • protective: native hydrous magnesium silicate, • common name and chemical formula. Soapstone can be grinding in 80/100 mesh • particle size. As grease touch. , insoluble in water, • Uses as protective agents , as lubricants and in • pharmaceuticals, as cosmetics, ceramics, for plastic cloves,

Zinc Oxide ( Zn. O ) White or fait yellow color powder, insoluble in • water. Other formulation as Zinc Oxide ointment for adult, & Zinc Oxide in Glycerin for children. Dusting powder, used astringent and protective • topical agent, mild antiseptic, used in the acne preparation, eczema, & psoriasis It is usually used in the manufacture of plasters. •

Calamine Zn. O and Fe 2 O 3

It used as dusting powder, lotions, • ointments, as smoothing agents, for sunburn, eczema, urticaria. Calamine lotion is very popular.

Boric Acid H 3 BO 3 Is a weak acid, used as antiseptic, and as • chemical precursor for many reactions. Uses: • 1 - Antiseptic • 2 - dilute solution for eye wash • 3 -Acne • 4 - Vaginal douche against bacteria. • 5 -It used as protective against athlete foot. •

Titanium dioxide Ti. O 2 Topical protective agents as cream is • used against sunscreen to protect the skin aganist ultra-violet light ( U. V. ). The organic topical protective agents is • P-aminobenzoic acid ( PABA). •

Antimicrobial Agents Antiseptic: • Any agent which kills or inhibits the growth of • microorganisms found in living tissue. Disinfectant: • Any agent which kills or inhibits the growth of • microorganisms found in inanimate objects. Germicide: • General term for fungicide, bactericide, • amoebicide

Mechanisms of action of antimicrobials There are THREE proposal mechanisms: • 1 -Oxidation • 2 -Halogenation Protein Precipitation 3 -

Oxidation cell membrane of bacteria SH S---S •

Halogenation the protein of the cell membrain H 2 N CHR CO NH CHR 1 --- • (HOCl) Na. OCl H 2 NCHRCONCl CHR!. . .

Protein pption that kill the microbe H 2 NCHR 1 CONHCHR 2 ---- • Ag. NO 3 • H 2 NCHR 1 CONHCHR 2 --- • Ag •

Hydrogen Peroxide H 2 O 2 liquid not store in glass bottles because it • decompose , it store in white plastic container, keep in cold dark place to prevent decomposition. There are many uses : • 1 - Antiseptic for wash wound , teeth and • ear 2 -Bleaching color ( hair ). • 3 - Laundry for cloths. •

Sodium Perborate • : Antimicrobial • Composite of H 2 O 2, Na. BO 2 and Na. OH Used as bleaching agent in non-chlorine laundry bleaches

Potassium Permanganate KMn. O 4 Chemically is a strong oxidizing agent, • solid purple crystalline , odorless. Store in well closed container. • Uses: • 1 - Oxidizing agent for skin disease in • different concentrations 1: 5000, 1: 15000 2 - used in swimming pool for athlete foot. • 3 - Strong oxidizing for many organic • reactions.

Iodine I 2 It is dark violet , insoluble in water , but the • I 2 + KI = I 3 – Complex soluble in water as iodine solution, • soluble in alcohol known as tincture iodine Iodine solution weak solution ( 25 g I 2 + 25 g KI ) in 100 ml • And strong solution ( 50 g I 2 + 50 g KI ) in 100 ml. • Iodine preparations and compounds • Antimicrobial property due to oxidation and Iodination • disinfectants A chemical reagents in analytical reagent. • In drug synthesis. • In Povidin iodine as new product. •

Povidone Iodine ( PVP – I) is a stable chemical complex of poly vinyl • pyrrolidine iodide. It is broad spectrum antiseptic for wounds. It is used disinfectant.

2 - Halogenation Dakin's Solution • Sodium hypochlorite solution, (usp) • Contains 4 -6% of Na. OCl, It is made from bleach that has been • diluted and treated to decrease irritation. Chlorine, the active ingredient in Dakin's solution, is a strong antiseptic that kills . most forms of bacteria and viruses.

3 - Protein ppt (Silver Nitrate Ag. NO 3) Prepare as 1% Ag. NO 3 , protective from • light due to oxidation. Effective against gonococcal organism. Antimicrobial activity of these compounds • is due to protein precipitant action. 1% used eye newborn babies. •