TOPIC TWO SHIPPING WASTE STREAM MANAGEMENT 1 Shipping

TOPIC TWO SHIPPING WASTE STREAM MANAGEMENT 1

Shipping Waste Stream Management 2. 1 Management of waste stream and pollution methodologies 2. 2 Methods of shipping waste handling and disposal 2. 3 Waste Collection, transport and storage 2. 4 Incineration and flue gas cleaning 2. 5 Waste water treatment 2

Topic Two Deliverables Lecture – Two Hours Tutorial – One Hour SLT – Six Hours 3

METHODOLOGY OF WASTE STREAM AND POLLUTION MANAGEMENT 1. Sources of pollution from air, noise, water and land run-off. 2. Man-made chemicals, many of them very toxic, which are difficult to be recycled and expensive to be destroyed. Most wastes, whether hazardous or not, are simply dumped together at the nearest available government-owned land.

Pollution prevention and waste management techniques Overview of the “hazardous waste problem” and explore various issues which are integral to the problem; • Overview of significant and potential environmental impacts by industrial sectors; trends in manufacturing activities in selected countries, future expectations. • Waste management (recycling, landfill, incineration, ) and waste management policies (the community’s waste management policy) • Physical, chemical, thermal and biological processes 5 to deal with hazardous waste.

Pollution prevention and waste management techniques (cont’d) 6

• Waste management model approach varies between countries or regions. • The most common concepts are deemed as follows: • Waste hierarchy - "3 Rs" reduce, reuse and recycle, which classify waste management strategies according to their desirability in terms of waste minimization. • The waste hierarchy remains the cornerstone of most waste minimization strategies. • Waste hierarchy aim to extract maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum 7 amount of waste.

Polluter pays principle - the polluting party pays for the impact caused to the environment. With respect to waste management, this generally refers to the requirement for a waste generator to pay for appropriate disposal of the unrecoverable material. 8

• Cleaner production, best available technologies and waste minimization • Pollution cases due to accidents (Bhopal disaster in India, Seveso explosion); • International agreements and conventions (Cairo Guidelines for the Environmentally Sound Management of Hazardous Wastes). • The unique hazardous waste issues and processes which are associated with remedial actions. 9

SHIPPING METHODS OF WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL Segregation of waste plastics, aluminum cans, glass bottles, cardboards (foam), metals (spare parts of engines) Sewage plants Food wastes, bio-degradable, blenders Incineration of dirty oil and sludge. Chemicals 10

Factors contributes to marine pollution features not only the effects of oil and harmful gas emissions but also garbage generated on-board ship during normal operation. Such garbage matter includes plastic, synthetics, oil rags, cardboard boxes etc. , which are equally harmful for marine organisms and environment as is oil to the sea. 11

• Ship’s garbage refers to all kind of physical domestic and operational waste (excluding fish and parts thereof), food waste, generated during the normal operation and liable to be disposed continuously or periodically except those substances which are listed in other Annexes of MARPOL convention. • The Garbage Management Plan (GMP) is a complete guideline which comprises of a written procedure for collecting, storing, processing, and disposing garbage generated on-board ship as provided in Annex V of MARPOL. • Training must be delivered to staff for proper garbage disposal onboard ship and disposal regulations at sea and special areas. 12 http: //www. imo. org/en/Our. Work/Environment/Pollution. Prevention/Garbage/Documents/Annex%20 V%20 discharge%20 requirements%2007 -2013. pdf

13 HAJ_2012@NMIT DSM 2305 29/11/2020

• A GMP is mandatory for all ships above 400 GT and on ships certified to carry 15 persons or more and is written in the working language of the crew as per guidelines developed by the organisation. • GMP to be retained onboard as a record for a period of two years from the date of last entry. • A cum-responsible officer is assigned to maintain garbage management plan on-board. Chief officer usually assigned along with 2 nd engineer (engine department). 14

COLLECTION, TRANSPORT AND STRORAGE OF WASTE • Wilhelmsen Ship Management portfolio announces its green ship recycling program. • Green Ship Recycling services is particularly designed for the socially responsible Green ship owners whom demands a demolition process that offers safe working environment at the yard, together with safe removal and disposal of hazardous materials on board. 15

• The recycling work will be monitored by site team members who have the authority to "stop work" in case of any deviation from established green procedures. • The yards have agreed to be monitored against a set of key performance indexes (KPIs) which will decide a previously agreed bonus incentive scheme for them. • This comprehensive agreement with the selected yards are unique and the one of its kind in the industry. This portfolio is aimed to be more embraced by more shipyards which intends to go 'Green'. 16

• The process of green recycling is tedious and requires proper planning and preparation. • One acceptable approach is "Demolition" in which it is the actual cutting up of the ship in blocks of manageable sizes. • The correct trimming, steel cutting including the removal arrangements are critical. • The blocks and machineries which contain oils are placed in special areas onshore with proper drainage and containment arrangements. • Fire fighting procedures and evacuation routes are 17 manned properly.

• “Pre-cleaning" is a requirement prior to demolition. It is the safe removal of all hazardous materials and wastes such as asbestos, fuel oils and lubes, deck coverings and insulation materials, gases and refrigerants (CFC), paints and thinners, stores and spares, fire alarm sensors and radioactive materials and all other hazardous and potentially hazardous materials. • An IHM (inventory of Hazardous Material) / Green Passport is pre-requisite prior to recycling. The process of Demolition and Pre-Cleaning are fully documented in a 'Green Recycle Plan' - a document developed using the IHM / Green Passport with inputs from yard and WSM. This plan is vital towards green recycling. 18

WSM also provides IHM / Green Passport services for existing and to be recycled vessels by our in-house experts who are trained and certified by Class. IHM / Green Passport which is WSM's other green product was rolled out in April 2010. 19

WSM's objective is to implement a proper health, safety and environmental approach towards ship recycling. The company hope to collaborate with more ship-owners in this project to ensure a better and healthier living on earth. 20

Topic Two discussion 1. Why sewage plants on-board ships are not allowed to dispose its treated waste when the ship is near the coast of a country? 2. Suggest new ways to recycle wastes given out by ships so that the coastal water will not be polluted? 3. Who is the officer responsible for safe handling of wastes on board the ship. Who decide whether any particular items to be disposed at sea or at land? 4. If the dirty oil tanks, inside the engine room are full, 21 what can be done to salvage the situation?