Topic Operating Windows Apple Linux system Operating system

Topic

� Operating � Windows � Apple � Linux system

� Operating system – a program that runs on a computer and controls the hardware �Trend – strong graphical user interface �Users use a mouse to click on pictures or icons �Controls files, hard disk access, software, etc. �Connects computer to a network or internet �Requires security against viruses, hackers, etc. � Note – phones and handheld devices also have an operating system �Cellphones have Google Android �Ipad, Iphone, and Ipod have Apple’s

� Founded by Bill Gates � Bill Gates is worth $53 billion in 2010 � The second richest person in the world � Usually was the richest until 2010 � Over taken by Carlos Slim Helu Mexican Telecom Worth $53. 5 billion in 2010 � Before Microsoft � Nobody thought you could make money from software � Software is easily copied and traded � Apple computers bundled the software with its hardware

� Microsoft dominates the operating systems market � Pre-installed on many computers � Computer vendors pay Microsoft to install operating system � All software runs on Microsoft Type All Windows Market Share Sept 2010 89% Windows 7 19. 81% Windows Vista 18. 43% Windows XP 48. 32% Microsoft’s Market Share

Windows Version Year Released Windows 3. x 1990 Windows NT 3. 1 1993 Windows 95 1995 Windows NT Workstation 4. 0 1996 Windows 98 1998 Windows Millennium Edition 2000 Windows 2000 Professional 2000 Windows XP 2001 Windows Vista 2006 Windows 7 2009

� Windows also dominates Office software �Microsoft charges $200 to $500 for its software �Software Excel – spreadsheets Word – word processing Power. Point – presentations Access – database Outlook - email � Sun Microsystems �Offers a comparable office suite for free �Openoffice. org �Estimated at 20%

� Operating system is designed for a large variety of computers �Variety of microprocessors �Variety of graphic chips �Variety of computer manufacturers Dell, HP, Lenovo, Toshiba, etc. �Hardware �A configuration problem of Windows Drivers – a program that allows Windows to use a device like the display, modem, etc. Can be a headache

� Windows XP �Stable �People like it; still the most popular �Tends to be fast � Vista �Made people angry �Microsoft stopped making its operating system (OS) backwards compatible Backwards compatible – older software will install and work correctly on the OS Many bugs and problems Bloated – too many programs; ran slowly; eats up RAM memory

� Vista �Had nice attractive appearance �Programs frequently crashed, especially Microsoft Office � Windows �Vista 7 was a huge failure �Vista’s name was dropped �Windows 7 is a revamped Vista �Most things work correctly in Windows 7

� Windows programs are expensive �Operating systems and office suites are commonly pirated �Windows does not release details about operating system �Computer hackers from Russia, China, etc. easily hack the software � Windows �Embeds actively tries to stop piracy programs in Windows system to check if Windows is genuine

� Windows 7 �Hackers hacked Windows 7 within a week after it was released �Rumor – it was hacked before its release �Hacked version can pass Windows Genuine Activation (WGA) �Microsoft releases Windows to computer vendors Called Release to Market (RTM) Vendors installs RTM on computers and laptops Insider releases RTM copy to hackers who crack it and post it on torrents

� Problems �Way too many to describe Windows does not allow users to go backwards Example � If Toshiba makes a new laptop and Windows 7 is current operating system � Toshiba will not create the drivers for Vista, XP, etc �Prone to attack by viruses, worms, etc. Dominant operating system �Could have driver problems

� Benefits �All programs and software designed to run on Windows Usually the last few operating systems Windows 7, Vista, and XP

� Apple Operating System �Has 7% market share �Old name Macintosh Operating System (Mac OS) �New name OS X � X is the Roman numeral 10 � Releases are named after cats � Snow Leopard (Previous release) � Lion (New release) �Operating system is bundled with hardware

� OS X � Benefits �Consistency – all programs and applications are similar Users can learn a large variety of applications quickly �Error reporting – Apple OS only tells you when something goes wrong Windows tends to nag; displays balloon messages �Hides technical details �Fitt’s Law – users are more productive the less distance a mouse has to travel All Apple applications are designed with this feature

� Benefits �Best graphics on a desktop or laptop Uses good powerful video chips Microsoft Vista and 7 copied many graphical features from the Apple �Designed Apple spent lots of money �Stable operating system Based on UNIX Linux is also based on UNIX �Does to be beautiful not get attack by viruses as much People write viruses to cause the most headache which is Microsoft with 89% of the market share

� Disadvantages �Apple operating system is only available for Apple computers Note – a group of hackers altered the OS X to run on computers with Intel processors Against the licensing agreement of Apple �Apple computers are expensive �Many games and software does not run on OS X Reinforces Microsoft’s monopoly power

� Apple Users �Publishers – layout and design of professional documents, books, etc. �Musicians – to edit music files �Graphic designers – Apple’s strong graphics support Edits video clips �Photographers �Snobs – editing photographs with too much money �Wannabe artists

� Linux – free operating systems � Has approximately from 1% to 2% of market share � Distribution (or distro) – many teams develop their own Linux operating system � Causes confusion � Over 100 distros of Linux � www. distrowatch. com for list � Some are very GUI; some are complicated � Open source – anyone programmer can modify system � Many talented people contribute to Linux � “United in their hatred of Microsoft” their

� Operating system �Home computers and notebooks �Servers – for businesses, corporations, and websites � Linux is popular in some countries like France �Microsoft Windows and Office are expensive �Popular with some businesses and governments

� Benefits �Most Linux operating systems are free Note – some are not free �Linux tends to be much faster than Windows System uses less resources Linux installs on older computer systems Does not use programs to monitor system’s licenses, etc. �Linux tends to be much more stable than Windows Used for web servers so they do not crash

� Benefits �Some like Ubuntu and Linux Mint are easy to install Does not require search for drivers like Windows �Most viruses and worms are written for Windows Linux tends to be immune �Access to over 30, 000 free software Software is simpler Software is much smaller in size Software can share libraries and programs with other programs

� Benefits �Open source – all computer code is open to the public People can modify any programs People can modify the operating system � Change menus, styles, icons, etc. �Apple and Microsoft keep their operating systems rigid Allows some things to be changed, like wallpaper More difficult to alter menu bars, icons, etc.

� Problems �Changing Terminal is similar to DOS Not user friendly Use Terminal to fix major problems �Too many Linux distributions are available Software may not be compatible across platforms Creates confusion Each distribution has benefits and problems �Limited advance options requires terminal in software, usually games Most games are written for Windows or Apple; not Linux Most software runs on Windows; may or may not work on Linux

� Problems �Some codecs, software, and drivers are proprietary Driver – a program that allows the operating system to use a device like a Wi. Fi or network card. Linux does not pay for this proprietary rights �Some countries like United States and Japan have strong protection of intellectual property rights Businesses have to be careful about the software it uses Otherwise it can get sued

� Problems �People are scared of Linux �Linux is associated with computer geeks and genius

� Ubuntu – most popular Linux program �Canonical Based in the United Kingdom Ubuntu is free Company earns money from technical support �Mark Shuttleworth, founder South African entrepreneur Worth about $225 million Paid to be an astronaut �Ubuntu Ltd. means “humanity towards others” Most GUI intense

� Ubuntu �Complaints – Ubuntu is trying to look like Apple’s OS X Apple computers sets the standards Even Microsoft “copied” features from OS X

� Linux Mint �Possibly the fourth most popular operating system �Founded by Clement Lefebvre, France �Originally based on Ubuntu �Very GUI intense � Good for beginners �Comes with proprietary software, codecs, and licensed components �Illegal in the U. S. , because founder did not pay to use proprietary software in its system �Gives alternatives where proprietary software is not included

�I have two operating systems �Debian Linux Mint �Windows 7