Topic Artificial Transmutations Fission and Fusion Do Now

Topic: Artificial Transmutations. Fission and Fusion • Do Now:

Artificial Transmutation • Cause it to happen by smashing particles into one another • 2 terms on reactant side • Original Isotope • Particle that hits it – neutron, proton, or -particle • Product side: usually 2 terms

Artificial Transmutation 13 27 Al + 4 He 2 Original isotope or target nucleus 30 P + 1 n 15 0 “Bullet” -what hits isotope

Bombarding with Protons or Protons and -particles have positive charge and mass • do some damage when hit target nucleus • must be accelerated to high speeds to overcome repulsive forces between nucleus & particle (both are +)

Artificial Transmutation 27 Al 13 14 N 7 + 4 He 30 P + 1 n 2 15 0 + 42 He 178 O + 11 H 75 As 33 + 4 He 78 Br + 1 n 2 0 35 37 Cl 17 + 1 n 38 Cl 17 0 All of these equations have 2 reactants!

Artificial Transmutation • Why should we even care to learn about artificial transmutation?

Fission Reaction (fission = division) Involves splitting heavy nucleus into 2 lighter nuclei

Fission 235 U 92 + 1 n 91 Kr + 142 Ba + 31 n + energy 235 U + 1 n 72 Zn + 160 Sm + 4 1 n + energy 92 0 0 36 30 56 62 0 0 small amount mass is converted to energy by E = mc 2

Fission Chain Reaction

Fission Chain Reaction Controlled – nuclear reactor Uncontrolled – bomb

Fusion • nuclei unite – must be small like H or He 2 H + 3 H 4 He + 1 n + energy 1 2 1 • Source of sun’s energy 0