TOPIC 8 2 THE COLD WAR 1945 1980

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TOPIC 8. 2 THE COLD WAR 1945 -1980

TOPIC 8. 2 THE COLD WAR 1945 -1980

LEARNING OBJECTIVE: • Explain the continuities and changes in Cold War policies from 1945

LEARNING OBJECTIVE: • Explain the continuities and changes in Cold War policies from 1945 to 1980.

THEMATIC FOCUS: • Diplomatic, economic, cultural, and military interactions between empires, nations, and peoples

THEMATIC FOCUS: • Diplomatic, economic, cultural, and military interactions between empires, nations, and peoples shape the development of America and America’s increasingly important role in the world.

POST-WWII TENSIONS • Partition of Germany • Soviet Satellites and “Iron Curtain” • NATO

POST-WWII TENSIONS • Partition of Germany • Soviet Satellites and “Iron Curtain” • NATO vs. the Warsaw Pact • Defensive military alliances • U. S. breaking from isolationist tradition in favor of collective security

CONTAINMENT • Foreign policy designed to block Soviet expansion • Marshall Plan • Economic

CONTAINMENT • Foreign policy designed to block Soviet expansion • Marshall Plan • Economic aid to war-torn Europe • Promote socio-economic recovery • Limit communist influence • In return, countries expected to be U. S. • Berlin Airlift

CONTAINMENT • Aid to Greece (civil war) and Turkey (Soviet trade interference) • Truman

CONTAINMENT • Aid to Greece (civil war) and Turkey (Soviet trade interference) • Truman Doctrine • U. S. would support “free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugations by armed minorities or by outside pressures” • China • U. S. aid • People’s Revolution • Loss of nationalist China—defeat of containment

CONTAINMENT • Korean War • North Korean invasion of the South • Containment extended

CONTAINMENT • Korean War • North Korean invasion of the South • Containment extended to Asia • After “loss” of China, Truman determined to defend South Korea • Chinese entry and firing of Mac. Arthur • Armistice

CONFRONTATION WITH THE SOVIET UNION • Massive Retaliation • Death of Stalin • Replaced

CONFRONTATION WITH THE SOVIET UNION • Massive Retaliation • Death of Stalin • Replaced by Nikita Khrushchev • “Peaceful coexistence” • Polish and Hungarian uprisings • Sputnik • U-2 Incident • Berlin Wall

DÉTENTE • Rationale • Need for more flexible policy • Relaxation of tensions •

DÉTENTE • Rationale • Need for more flexible policy • Relaxation of tensions • Nixon’s Visit to China • Arms Control with the USSR • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan • U. S. embargo and Olympics boycott

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