Topic 6 Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sport Learning

Topic 6 Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sport

Learning Objectives Ch. 19 • To learn about different somatotypes (body shapes) Success Criteria F-G I can list the 3 different somatotypes D-E I can describe what characterizes each one B-C I can explain why certain body types are an advantage in certain sports and give examples A*-A I can correctly answer past exam questions

Somatotypes (Body types) Somatotypes refers to the 3 different body shapes Ectomorph • • Thin Narrow shoulders & hips Endomorph • • • Fat Narrow shoulder Wide hips Mesomorph • • • Muscular V shaped Narrow waist • Wide shoulders

Somatotypes (Body types) Somatotypes refers to the 3 different body shapes Ectomorph Suited to sports where you need to be light e. g. high jump Endomorph Suited to strength events like shot put or sumo wrestling Mesomorph Suited to sports where you need power and speed

Learning Objectives Ch. 20 • To learn about optimum weight in sports Success Criteria F-G I can list the 5 factors that affect a person optimum weight D-E I can identify sports that have an optimum weight B-C I can answer short response and multiple choice exam questions A*-A I can correctly answer long response past exam questions

Optimum Weight Optimum weight is a persons ideal weight for their sport. Different sports require different optimum weight. There are 4 factors that affect a persons weight Gender Bone structure Muscle girth Height

Optimum Weight Bone Structure Muscle Girth • People have different frame sizes • Some people are naturally wider or thinner than others • People have different sized muscles • Muscle girth can be enhanced by weight training

Optimum Weight Height Gender • If 2 people with the same bone structure and muscle size were different height, the taller person would be the heaviest! • Males tend to have a larger heavier bone structure and larger muscles then females (although not always!)

Optimum Weight in Sport Most sports have an optimum (ideal) weight if you are to be very successful • • Jockeys must be light High jumpers and long distance runners must be light Small bone structure Small muscles • • • Rugby players must be heavy to push their weight in a scrum Weight lifters are always big and heavy Large muscle

Learning Objectives Ch. 22 • To learn about performing enhancing drugs in sport Success Criteria F-G I can list the 6 performance enhancing drugs D-E I can describe the effects of each one including the side effects B-C I can answer short response and multiple choice exam questions A*-A I can correctly answer long response past exam questions

Performance Enhancing Drugs There are 6 performance enhancing drugs that you must know! Anabolic Steroids EPO Diuretics Beta Blockers Stimulants Narcotic Analgesics

1. Anabolic Steroids Anabolic steroids promote bone and muscle growth (hypertrophy) & speed up recovery. Advantage in; • Any sports that needs explosive strength • Sprinters have been caught taking steroids in the past Side Effects • High blood pressure • Liver disease • Death

2. Diuretics speed up the rate of urine production so you urinate a lot and lose weight Advantage in; • Any sport where you need to be light such as Jockeys • Boxers have also been caught taking them to make weight for a fight Side Effects • Dehydration • Kidney problem • Dizziness

3. Beta Blockers Beta blockers slow down your heart rate giving a calm and relaxing effect on muscles Advantage in; • Any sport where you need to be steady • Target game players such as darts and snooker players have been caught taking Beta blockers Side Effects • Tiredness • Depression • Sickness

4. EPO increases the amount of bed blood cells (and therefore oxygen) in the blood Advantage in; • Endurance events where high levels of cardiovascular endurance are needed • Lance Armstrong was caught taking them Side Effects • Thickens blood • Heart attack

5. Stimulants give you an increased level of physical and mental alertness Advantage in; • Sports where high levels of mental alertness are required • Stimulants make you feel like you have more energy Side Effects • High blood pressure • Increases heart rate • Addiction

6. Narcotic Analgesics Narcotic analgesics mask pain Advantage in; • Any sport where you have a painful injury • This can be very dangerous because it does not heal the injury, it just masks the pain Side Effects • Lose concentration • Lose balance • Lose coordination

Reasons for taking Performing Enhancing Drugs • Encouraged by coaches • Increased chances of winning • Increased level of performance • Financial gain

Risks associated with Performing Enhancing Drugs • You can be fined a lot of money • You can be banned all together from your sport. Dwain Chambers was banned for 3 years • Your reputation will be suffer!

Learning Objectives Ch. 23 • To learn about risk assessment and preventing injury Success Criteria F-G I can list different ways to prevent injury D-E I can describe how to carry out each one B-C I can answer short response and multiple choice exam questions A*-A I can correctly answer long response past exam questions

Preventing Injury All sports present some element of risk, but much can be done to reduce the risk of injury • Always complete a warm up and cool down • Check equipment and facilities are safe • Wear protective clothing and equipment • Wear specialist footwear

1. Warm Up & Cool Down Warming up will help prevent injuries. A thorough warm up will make muscles warm and less likely to pull, strain or tear. A cool down help get rid of lactic acid!

2. Checking Facilities and Equipment are Safe • Includes all the equipment used and the playing surface • E. g. broken equipment can often have sharp pieces sticking out • Playing surface must be clear or glass or rubbish

3. Wear Protective Equipment and Clothing • Must ensure protective equipment and clothing is worn For example • Football shin pads • Cricket pads • Ice hockey helmet • There are thousands of examples!

4. Wear Specialist Footwear • Most sports have specialist footwear that are designed specifically for that sport and must be worn to prevent injury • • • Football boots Athletics spikes Rugby boots Tennis trainers Basketball trainers

Balanced Competition For sports competitions to be fair, they must be balanced. There are 4 categories or ways to make a competition balanced and fair Weight Categories Age Categories Gender Categories Handicap system

1. Weight Categories • Boxing is an example of a sport that has weight categories so that it is fair & balanced • It would be unfair for a welterweight like Amir Khan to fight a super heavyweight like David Haye!

2. Age Categories • Age categories exist so that competition is fair • Think about it, it wouldn’t be fair for an under 12’s football team to play the under 18’s! • There also older age categories for people over 40+

2. Gender Categories • Males tend to have larger bone structure and muscles than females which gives men an unfair advantage in most sports • Women and men therefore compete separately to ensure competition is fair!

4. Handicap System • A handicap system is where 1 player/team gets a big head start because they are not as good • Golf is a sport where a handicap system allows players of different levels to compete equally because 1 player has starts with a big head start!

Reasons for Rules in Sport 1. Rules protect players from injury 2. Rules make games fair so there is no cheating 3. Rules make the game more enjoyable 4. Rules allow you to determine who the winner is