TOPIC 1 2 DEVELOPMENTS IN DAR ALISLAM Unit

TOPIC 1. 2 DEVELOPMENTS IN DAR AL-ISLAM Unit 1: The Global Tapestry

THEMATIC FOCUS Cultural Developments and Interactions CDI The development of ideas, beliefs, and religions illustrates how groups in society view themselves, and the interactions of societies and their beliefs often have political, social, and cultural implications.

LEARNING OBJECTIVE Unit 1: Learning Objective D Explain how systems of belief and their practices affected society in the period from c. 1200 to c. 1450.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS KC-3. 1. III. D. iii Islam, Judaism, Christianity, and the core beliefs and practices of these religions continued to shape societies in Africa and Asia.

THEMATIC FOCUS Governance GOV A variety of internal and external factors contribute to state formation, expansion, and decline. Governments maintain order through a variety of administrative institutions, policies, and procedures, and governments obtain, retain, and exercise power in different ways and for different purposes.

LEARNING OBJECTIVE Unit 1: Learning Objective E Explain the causes and effects of the rise of Islamic states over time.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS KC-3. 2. I As the Abbasid Caliphate fragmented, new Islamic political entities emerged, most of which were dominated by Turkic peoples. These states demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity

KC-3. 1. III. A Muslim rule continued to expand to many parts of Afro-Eurasia due to military expansion, and Islam subsequently expanded through the activities of merchants, missionaries, and Sufis.

THEMATIC FOCUS Technology and Innovation TEC Human adaptation and innovation have resulted in increased efficiency, comfort, and security, and technological advances have shaped human development and interactions with both intended and unintended consequences.

LEARNING OBJECTIVE Unit 1: Learning Objective F Explain the effects of intellectual innovation in Dar al-Islam.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS KC-3. 2. II. A. i Muslim states and empires encouraged significant intellectual innovations and transfers.

Islam An Abrahamic Religion Z Muslims are strict monotheists. Z They believe in the Judeo. Christian God, which they call Allah. Z Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God. Peoples of the Book

Abraham’s Genealogy HAGAR ABRAHAM Ishmael 12 Arabian Tribes SARAH Isaac Jacob 12 Tribes of Israel Esau

The Prophetic Tradition Adam Noah Abraham Moses Jesus Muhammad

The Origins of the Qur’an Z Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610. Z 622 Hijrah Muhammed flees Mecca for Medina. * The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A. H. ) Z Muhammad’s revelations were compiled into the Qur’an after his death.

The Qur’an Z Muslims believe it contains the word of God. Z Z Z 114 suras (chapters). In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful. Written in Arabic.

1. The Shahada Z The testimony. Z The declaration of faith: There is no god worthy of worship except God, and Muhammad is His Messenger [or Prophet]. 1

2. The Salat Z The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day: * dawn * noon * late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed Z Wash before praying. Z Face Mecca and use a prayer rug. 2

2. The Salat Z The call to prayer by the muezzin in the minaret. Z Pray in the mosque on Friday. 2

3. The Zakat Z Almsgiving (charitable donations). Z Muslims believe that all things belong to God. Zakat means both “purification” and “growth. ” Z Z About 2. 5% of your income. 3

4. The Sawm Z Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. Z Z Considered a method of selfpurification. No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan. 4

Eid Mubarak End of the Ramadan holiday.

5. The Hajj Z The pilgrimage to Mecca. Z Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime. Z 2 -3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year. 5

5. The Hajj Z Those who complete the pilgrimage can add the title hajji to their name. 5

The Dar al-Islam The World of Islam 1 2 3 4 5

The Mosque Z The Muslim place of worship.

The Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem Mount Moriah Rock where Muhammad ascended into heaven.

Other Islamic Religious Practices Z Up to four wives allowed at once. Z No alcohol or pork. Z No gambling. Z Sharia body of Islamic law to regulate daily living. Z Three holiest cities in Islam: * Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.

Essential Question: Why was Islam able to spread so quickly and convert so many to the new religion?

The Spread of Islam Z Easy to learn and practice. Z No priesthood. Z Teaches equality. Z Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book, ” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes. Z Easily “portable” nomads & trade routes. Z Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).

Muslims in the World Today

Countries with the Largest Muslim Population 1. Indonesia 183, 000 6. Iran 62, 000 2. Pakistan 134, 000 7. Egypt 59, 000 3. India 121, 000 8. Nigeria 53, 000 4. Bangladesh 114, 000 9. Algeria 31, 000 10. Morocco 29, 000 5. Turkey 66, 000 * Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the world.