Tooth extraction Mechanical principles of extraction 1 Expansion

Tooth extraction

Mechanical principles of extraction 1. Expansion of bony socket

2 - The use of lever and Fulcrum

3 -The Insertion of wedges

4 -Wheel and axel action

Dental Forceps

Type of Forceps

The forceps for upper teeth and roots 1. The upper straight forceps for anterior teeth

2. The upper premolar forceps

3. The upper molar forceps

4. The Bayonet forceps:

5. The upper retained tooth forceps:

The forceps of lower teeth:

Technique of forceps Extraction 1. Soft tissue retraction:

2. Handling of the forceps

3. The application of forceps blades to the tooth (tooth grasp)

4. Retraction and support (the use of the left hand)

5. The displacement of the tooth from its socket:

Elevators

Point of application and line of withdrawal

Types of elevators

Cryer’s elevators (right & left)

Apexo elevators (right & left)

Clinical uses and guidelines of elevators

Complications of use of elevator: 1 -Injury to soft tissues. 2 -Wrong application of force or excessive force. 3 -Fracture of maxillary tuberosity. 4 -Uncontrolled force may lead to displacement of roots into maxillary sinus, infratemporal fossa , buccal soft tissue, submandibular space or inferior dental canal. 5 -Use of elevator in periapical are of abscessed tooth may cause spread of infection to the surrounding tissue. 6 -Tip of instrument(working blade)may be fractured.

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