TOOLBOX TALK 017 CHEMICAL STORAGE Created 9082015 Rev

TOOLBOX TALK 017 CHEMICAL STORAGE Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 1

Recap: Hazardous Substances vs. Dangerous Good • Hazardous substances are those that, following worker exposure, can have an adverse effect on health. Examples of hazardous substances include poisons, substances that cause burns or skin and eye irritation, and substances that may cause cancer. Many hazardous substances are also classified as dangerous goods. • Dangerous goods are substances, mixtures or articles that, because of their physical, chemical (physicochemical) or acute toxicity properties, present an immediate hazard to people, property or the environment. Types of substances classified as dangerous goods include explosives, flammable liquids and gases, corrosives, chemically reactive or acutely (highly) toxic substances. Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 2

• Particular dangerous goods of different classes cannot be stored together. • They need to have sufficient distance between them to eliminate the risk of fire, explosion, or accumulation of toxic gases or vapours from a leak or spillage, etc. • Substances are stored in accordance with the magnitude of the dangerous nature of the substance. Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 3

In general terms: The area where dangerous goods are stored should be: • • Well ventilated and well lit. Separated from ignition sources. Secured from the unauthorized persons Protected from temperature fluctuations and direct sunlight Shelving/cupboards should: • be constructed of chemically resistant materials. • provide a lip at the front of the shelf. • have secondary containment (e. g. spill trays). These should be considered for liquid dangerous goods stored outside of a chemical storage cabinet. • Dedicated areas should be provided for measuring out chemicals Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 4

• Prescribed substances' under the Dangerous Goods Code are assigned a specific United Nations "UN" number and are divided into the following nine classes according to their predominant hazard: • Class 1 - Explosives Class 2 - Gases (flammable, non-flammable, toxic) Class 3 - Flammable liquids Class 4 - Flammable solids, solids liable to spontaneous combustion, and substances that emit flammable gases when wet Class 5 - Oxidising substances (oxidising agents and organic peroxides) Class 6 - Toxic and infectious substances Class 7 - Radioactive material Class 8 - Corrosive substances Class 9 - Miscellaneous dangerous substances • Subsidiary Risk - dangerous goods that pose more than the risk that is denoted by their class. • Storage considerations - Each class is identified by a distinctive coloured, diamond shaped label. Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 5

Class 1 - Explosives • Class 1. 1 – Explosives with a mass explosion hazard such as TNT, Gunpowder, Gelignite, etc. • Class 1. 2 – Explosives which are a projectile or fragmentation hazard, but not a significant mass explosion hazard e. g. grenades, ammunition, etc. • Class 1. 3 – Explosives which are a fire and minor blast hazard, with minor projectile or minor fragmentation hazards. • Class 1. 4 – Explosives which are not a significant mass explosion hazard e. g. flares, fireworks, safety cartridges, etc. • Class 1. 5 – Explosives with a mass explosion hazard, but are insensitive substances. • Class 1. 6 – Substances which are a minor explosion hazard, very insensitive substances. Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 6

Class 2 - Gases (flammable, non-flammable, toxic) • Class 2. 1 – Gases that can ignite in air on contact with a source of ignition. The vapour/air density is usually greater than one, therefore many flammable gases will settle in low areas. – Example: propane, butane, ethylene, acetylene and Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) • Class 2. 2 – Gases that are non flammable but may cause asphyxiation and/or represent stored energy hazard. Non flammable and non toxic gases are asphyxiants, diluting or replacing the oxygen content in the atmosphere. – Example: compressed air, nitrogen, argon and carbon dioxide Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 7

Class 2 - Gases (flammable, non-flammable, toxic) • Class 2. 3 – Gases likely to cause death or serious injury to human health if exposed or by skin contact. These gases are toxic or corrosive. Lingering and irritating odours often identify some but not all toxic gases. • Example: ammonia and sulphur dioxide. Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 8

Class 3 - Flammable liquids • The vapour of the liquids can ignite in air on contact with a source of ignition. • The vapour can flash momentarily when an ignition source is present. This property of a flammable liquid is regarded as the flash point. • Examples of Class 3 substances: • petrol, alcohols, thinners, solvents, lacquers and varnishes Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 9

Class 3 - Flammable liquids § Store in an approved flammables cabinet (AS 19402004: The storage and handling of flammable and combustible liquids) § Vent cabinet to the outside with forced extraction § Max. storage 250 Litres § Cabinet to be placarded as flammable Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 10

Class 3 - Flammable liquids Fire Protection Requirements: • At least one dry powder type fire extinguisher to be provided for each Flammables storage unit Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 11

Class 4 - Flammable Solids • Solid substances which are flammable in air and can sustain spontaneous combustion and emit flammable gases upon contact with water. • Class 4. 1 – Solids easily ignited e. g. . by sparks or flames, or liable to cause fire through friction. • Example: red phosphorus, picric acid, hexamine, sulphur and naphthalene. • Class 4. 2 – Substances liable to spontaneously heat up and ignite • Examples: activated carbon and white phosphorus. • Class 4. 3 – Substance which emits flammable or toxic gases when wet • Examples: sodium and calcium carbide. Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 12

Class 4 - Flammable Solids • Solid substances which are flammable in air and can sustain spontaneous combustion and emit flammable gases upon contact with water. Storage: • All Class 4 substances must be segregated from Classes 5. 1 and 5. 2 (oxidising substances). • Class 4. 1 and 4. 3: Store in segregated storage area, or with Class 3 substances (e. g. in flammables storage unit). Signed “Class 4. 1, 4. 3: Flammable Solids” • Class 4. 2: Separate from all other classes in a designated cupboard lined with cement sheeting or similar flame proof material. Must be segregated from Classes 3, 4. 1, 4. 3, 5. 1, 5. 2. Signed “Class 4. 2: Spontaneously Combustible” Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 13

Class 5 – Oxidising substances (oxidising agents and organic peroxides) • Class 5. 1 – Substances likely to increase the risk and intensity of fire in other materials (i. e. contribute to the combustion of other materials). • Examples: hydrogen peroxide and ammonium nitrate, chlorates. Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 14

Class 5 – Oxidising substances (oxidising agents and organic peroxides) continued • Class 5. 2 - Substances that are thermally unstable and likely to react dangerously with other substances. Substances with the ability to undergo exothermic self accelerating decomposition as the substance contains its own oxygen in the chemical structure. • Decomposition of organic peroxides can lead to flammable and toxic gases being generated. Many organic peroxides also burn rapidly and are very sensitive to impact or friction. • Examples: dibenzoyl peroxide and methyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 15

Class 5 – Oxidising substances (oxidising agents and organic peroxides) continued • These substances are incompatible with other substances, particularly Flammables (solids and liquids) and Corrosives. CLASS 5 STORAGE: • Separate from all other classes in a designated cupboard, particularly from Classes 3 (flammable liquids), 4 (flammable solids), and 8 (corrosive substances). • Signed (“Class 5: Oxidising Agents”) Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 16

Class 6 Toxic and infectious substances • Class 6. 1 – Toxic substances likely to cause death or severe injury to human or animal health if swallowed, inhaled or by skin contact. • Examples: Calcium cyanide and lead arsenate. • Class 6. 2 - Infectious substances liable to cause death or severe injury to human or animal health if swallowed, inhaled or by skin contact. Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 17

Class 7 - Radioactive material • Class 7 – Substances (solid or liquid) which spontaneously emit ionising radiation. Category I, determined by radiation level of transport package. (Lowest level) • Class 7 - Substances (solid or liquid) which spontaneously emit ionising radiation. Category II determined by radiation level of transport package. • Class 7 – Substances (solid or liquid) which spontaneously emit ionising radiation. Category III determined by radiation level of transport package Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 18

Class 8 - Corrosive substances • Solids or liquids able to cause, to varying severity, damage to living tissue. Maybe either acidic or caustic in nature. • Cause burns in contact with skin and eyes. • Many form vapours that are harmful to respiratory system. Exposure can occur through breathing vapours. • In the event of a leak, these substances also have the ability to damage or destroy goods and materials or cause other hazards Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 19

Class 8 - Corrosive substances Examples: • Zinc Chloride and soldering fluxes with Zinc Chloride • Hydrochloric Acid (“Spirits of Salts”) • Nitric Acid • Sulfuric Acid (battery acid) • Sodium Hydroxide (caustic soda) • Ammonia solution Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 20

Class 8 - Corrosive substances CLASS 8 STORAGE: • Lockable • Signed (“Class 8: CORROSIVES”) • Plastic laminate lined, stainless steel hinges and fittings • Vented to the outside (ideally forced) • Spillage tray in the bottom Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 21

Class 9 Miscellaneous dangerous substances • Substances and articles that present a danger especially during transport, not covered by other dangerous goods classes. • Class 9 substances have separate storage and transport requirements. • Examples: dry ice and asbestos. NB - Aerosols are no longer Class 9 dangerous goods. They are Class 2. 1 or 2. 2 (gases) depending on flammability Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 22

Subsidiary Risk dangerous goods that pose more than the risk that is denoted by their class • Subsidiary risk categories are assigned to dangerous goods that pose more than the risk that is denoted by their class. • The may also be referred to as the secondary risk or subrisk. • The subsidiary risk label is represented as the normal label with the number deleted. • Example: Special Case • Oxygen, nitrous oxide Class 2. 2 Subsidiary Risk Class 5. 1 Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 23

Storage Considerations Some classes of chemicals must be segregated from other classes because of their reaction potential with other chemical classes i. e. • Class 2. 1 Flammable gas must be segregated from: – Class 3 flammable liquid & Class 4. 1 flammable solid – Class 4. 2 spontaneously combustible & Class 4. 3 dangerous when wet – 5. 1 Oxidising agent & 5. 2 Organic peroxide • Class 5. 1 Oxidisers must be segregated from: – – Class 2. 1 flammable gas & Class 3 flammable liquid Class 4. 1 flammable solid & Class 4. 2 spontaneously combustible Class 4. 3 dangerous when wet & 5. 2 Organic peroxides Class 8 Corrosives • Class 8 Corrosives must be segregated from everything! Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 24

Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 25

• • • In this table, combustible liquids should be included with Class 3. Letters A – G have the following meaning: A. Most dangerous goods of the same Class have similar primary hazards and are usually considered to be compatible. B. With a few exception s which should be indicated on SDS, goods of these two classes are usually non-reactive with each other. However in an emergency such as a spill, leak or fire, the presence of the second Class may lead to different hazards or increased risk such that additional control measures are required. C. While goods of these two classes are usually non-reactive with each other, a fire involving the fire risk goods may lead to the release of large clouds of toxic gases or vapours. D. Goods of these two classes are likely to interact with each other in such a way as to significantly increase risk. In some cases, interaction may result in fire or evolution of toxic vapours. For those that do not interact, a fire involving one may be violently accelerated by the presence of the other. These classes should not be kept in the same area unless it can be demonstrated that the risks are fully controlled. E. – D, if the Class 2. 2 has a Subsidiary Risk 5. 1. – B, otherwise. F. – D, if the Class 6. 1 or 9 is a fire risk substance. – B, otherwise. G. – D, if one material is a concentrated, strong acid and the other is a concentrated, strong alkali. A, otherwise Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 26

Things to take note of: Where flammable or combustible liquids are kept or handled— • (a) all persons on the premises shall be provided with appropriate personal protective equipment; • (b) personal protective equipment shall be kept in designated, well-identified locations and ready for use; and • (c) all personal protective equipment shall be maintained in good condition. Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 27

Things to take note of: Portable electrical equipment • Portable electrical devices shall not be taken into a hazardous area unless certified for use in such a zone or authorized by a work permit. • This is to control ignition sources such as torches, rechargeable power tools, pagers, phones and cameras, but not low-energy devices such as hearing aids or completely enclosed objects such as battery-powered watches. Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 28

Things to take note of: • There shall be no ignition sources in any space in which a flammable mixture of vapour and air could be present. • NOTE: Even small quantities of flammable liquid, if spilt, can create a vapour cloud that can travel considerable distances and flashback. Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 29

Questions? Leadership – Safety – Environment and Sustainability – Integrity – Innovation – Created 9/08/2015; Rev 1 Continuous Improvement Toolbox Talk 017 – Chemical Storage 30