Tom is looking for his key He cant

Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it. He has lost his key. = He lost it a short time ago and he still doesn’t have it. This is The Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect - AFFIRMATIVE Sujeito + have (has) + verbo no particípio I have worked You have worked He She has worked It We have worked You have worked They have worked

Present Perfect - Negative Sujeito + have not + particípio has not I have not worked You have not worked He She has not worked It We have not worked They have not worked

INTERROGATIVE Have + sujeito + particípio (Has) Have I worked ? Have you worked ? he Has she worked ? it Have we Worked ? Have you worked ? Have they worked ?

EXEMPLOS : I have sailed across the Atlantic. I have seen gorillas in Africa. I haven’t danced the Flamengo.

QUANDO USAR PRESENT PERFECT • Usamos o present perfect para expressar um fato passado que tem alguma relação com o presente. Jack opened the window a few minutes ago. Jack has opened the window. • Há situações básicas em que ele é usado , veremos a seguir.

Fatos que ocorreram no passado em tempo não determinado. - What’s the matter , madam? - My little Jimmy has disappeared! I’m nervous. - I need you help!

Com referência de tempo indicando que a ação acabou de acontecer (just) Mary is eating an apple Mary has just eaten an apple.

Com referência de tempo indicando que a ação nunca aconteceu. (never) I have never seen an alien. What about you ? I have never seen one either!

Com referência de tempo indicando que a ação que aconteceu alguma vez (ever) Have you ever broken your arm? Have you ever won a gold medal ?

Com referência de tempo indicando que a ação que ainda não aconteceu. (yet) Come on, dear haven’t you finished your breakfast , yet ? Sorry , mom. But I haven’t finished it , yet.

Com referência de tempo indicando que a ação já aconteceu. (already) What’s the matter, John? I’m sorry ! II have to go to New York on business. But my plane has already left.

Com referência de tempo , indicando freqüência (often , many times, frequently, several times) I know it’s a good film but we have gone to the movies three times this week.

Present Perfect é usado para expressar um passado não acabado: • Ações que ocorreram em um período de tempo que inclui o presente ( lately, recently , this week. . ) I haven’t seen Tom recently. Have you heard about him?

Expressando um período de tempo através das preposições: SINCE e FOR • Since - desde (a partir de um determinado momento) I I have been here since five o’clock

• For – (durante , há) período de tempo They have worked here for five years.

PRESENT PERFECT x SIMPLE PAST • Simple Past • Present Perfect (tempo determinado) (tempo não determinado) They went shopping on March 3 rd. They have gone shopping

PRESENT PERFECT x SIMPLE PAST • Simple Past • Present Perfect (tempo determinado) (tempo não determinado) s. S The Smiths travelled to New York on February 16 th. The Smiths have travelled to New York.

Observações • Nunca usar Present Perfect se a ação passada não tiver relação com o presente. Embora o tempo não seja mencionado. Cabral discovered Brazil. Man reached the moon.

• Na linguagem falada é comum ouvirmos a expressão have got ( ‘ve got). Esta expressão tem o mesmo sentido que have (ter). Não se trata de present perfect. I have got a car. = I have a car. He has got a sister. = Ele tem uma irmã.

Exercises Que comentários as pessoas fizeram? Relacione as figuras às frases correspondentes. They’ve bought a new car. I’ve read Romeo and Juliet five times John has lost his passport. Ann has visited many different countries. John has lost his passport. I’ve read Romeo and Juliet five times They’ve bought a new car. Ann has visited many different countries

Complete as falas usando for ou since. for since

Complete as falas com just, never, ever ou already. never just already