Today we are going to make sure you

Today we are going to make sure you understand are able to give examples of the following sentence types: Yes/No question Wh-Question Rhetorical Question Negation Command Topicalization Conditional Declarative

Linguistics Syntax Pages 89 – 98 th 5 Edition

Warm up and Review:

Question: What are the building blocks used in phonology?

Answer: Individual features of signs.

Question: What does "individual features of signs" mean?

Answer: Handshape, Location, Orientation, Holds & Movements, NMM"s

Question: What are the building blocks used in Morphology?

Answer: "units of meaning"

Question: (Review) List 5 ways to create or come up with new signs in ASL. [5 th Edition pg 59]

Derive nouns from verbs, (SIT to CHAIR)

Compound two existing free morphemes, (THINK + MARRY = BELIEVE)

Represent English orthographic symbols via special signs known as "fingerspelling" and then

Lexicalize those signs, (#BACK or #JOB)

Borrow a sign from another signed language, (ITALY[new-version], CHINA-[newversion])

Agentive Suffix: TEACHER LAWYER ACTOR

Question: (Review) What is the difference between "derivational morphology" and "inflectional morphology? " [5 th Ed, pgs 58 -59]

In "derivational morphology" we "derive" or "come up with or create" new "units" (words) for a language. [Think of "word classes": nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. ]

In "inflectional morphology" we are not creating "new" units, rather we are tweaking existing units. We are adding grammatical information (such as "who did what to whom, " "how long something went on, " or "how many of something there are" – plurality, etc. ).

Question: The number of sentences that can be produced in a language is infinite. This is known as what characteristic of language?

Answer: Productivity

We have been looking at basic rules for word order. Now let’s consider some basic sentence types in ASL.

91 [5 th Ed. ] Now let’s consider some basic sentence types in ASL. Five basic sentence types tend to have very specific nonmanual features: questions negations commands topicalization conditionals declaratives

92 [5 th Ed. ] 127 th [4 Ed. ] Yes-No Questions English = Voice rise up at end of sentence

ASL Yes/no Questions eyebrows raise (may) tilt head (may) lean body forward (may) raise shoulders (may) hold last sign longer

Page 128 (4 th Ed. ) 92 (5 th Ed. )

Note: The former symbol for glossing of Yes-No questions was a “q” on a line above the question phrase. (Old) _____q MAN HOME Lately we are using "y/n" instead: (New) _____y/n MAN HOME

5 th Edition changes from th 4 Edition: Symbol for glossing of Yes-No questions is now a “y/n” on a line above the question phrase. _____y/n MAN HOME

92 [5 th Ed. ] 129 [4 th Ed. ] Question Mark Note: Used to be called "Question Mark Wiggle, " now just called "Question Mark. " Used to be glossed as QM-wg. Now just glossed as QUESTION-MARK.

QUESTION-MARK: Tends to be used when signer is surprised or when something is unexpected. Compare to the English: (Really? ? ) Also used when double checking or incredulous.

Page 93 [5 th Ed. ] 128 (4 th Ed. ) Wh-questions tend to use signs like: Where / Who / When / What / Why

Page 128 (4 th Ed. ) Page 93 (5 th Ed. )

Wh-question nonmanual marker: eyebrow squint (may) head tilt (may) lean slightly forward (may) hunch shoulders

Example: ______wh MAN WHERE

Page 129 (4 th Ed. ) Page 93 (5 th Ed. )

129 [4 th Ed. ]94 [5 th Ed. ] Rhetorical Questions: Look like questions but the signer doesn’t expect an answer.

Page 130 [4 th Edition] page 94 [5 th Ed. ]

Note: Rhetorical Questions The gloss for a rhetorical question used to be “rhet” but is now just "rh": Example: rh PRO. 1 TIRED WHY STUDY ALL-NIGHT

Common signs used for rhetorical questions include: REASON WHEN WHO WHAT WHERE FOR-FOR

p. 130 4 th Ed.

p. 130 4 th Ed. p. 94 [5 th Ed. ] Rhetorical Question nonmanual marker: Raised eyebrows Slight shake or tilt of the head

Dr. Bill’s note: Think of a rhetorical as asking: “Do you want to know why? ” “Do you want to know who? ” “Do you want to know what for? ” “Do you want to know where? ” Those are actually yes/no questions and thus use a yesno nonmanual marker.

Page 94 [5 th Ed. ] Page 130 [4 th Ed. ] Negation

Page 131 [4 th Ed. ] Page 94 [5 th Ed. ] The process of changing an affirmative sentence to a negative is called negation. Nonmanual signals: shaking the head from side to side (may) frown (may) squint

Gloss symbol: “neg” Example _______neg MAN HOME

95 [5 th Ed. ] 131 [4 th Ed. ] Commands: Also called “imperatives” English deletes the subject. Ex: “Sit down!” ASL Ex: *SIT*

Commands: Nonmanual markers: Making direct eye contact (maybe) frowning

Dr. Bill’s notes: Commands tend to modify the movements to be larger and the holds to be longer—especially at the end of the sign.

131 [4 th Ed. ] 95 [5 th Ed. ] Topicalization: Topicalization is when the object of the sentence is moved to the front of the sentence.

Instead of signing: The father loves the child: “FATHER LOVE CHILD”

You might sign: The child is loved by the father: “CHILD, FATHER LOVE”

Topicalization NMMs: Raised eyebrows head tilt maybe short pause

Example: HOMEWORK, PRO. 1 DETEST

132 [4 th Ed. ] 96 [5 th Ed. ] Conditionals #IF SUPPOSE

Conditionals: Nonmanual signal very important: * Raised eyebrows * Head tilt *( (maybe) short pause

127 Declarative sentences do not seem to be marked by any particular nonmanual signal as are other sentence types in ASL

Example: _______cond TOMORROW RAIN, GAME CANCEL

97 [5 th Ed. ] The Importance of Nonmanual Signals: Declarative: You are home. Yes-no question: Are you home? Negation: You aren't home. Command: Go home!

Page 132 4 th Ed. Page 97 5 th Ed.

th 5 See: Page 98, Ed. for a very nice summary of sentence types and accompanying nonmanual signals.

Activity: Give me examples of the following sentence types: Yes/No question Wh-Question Rhetorical Question Negation Command Topicalization Conditional Declarative